新型研发机构是我国科技创新的重要组织形式，生命科学及医学新型研发机构面向人民生命健康，在推动生命健康及医学发展、形成多元创新主体、构建要素活跃的创新生态方面发挥了重要作用，但其建设仍处于探索阶段，亟需优化建设策略，形成稳健的可持续发展能力。本文运用政策研究、实地调查、案例研究和专家咨询等方法，梳理我国新型研发机构的政策推动与探索实践进展，分析国外类似研发机构的建设模式和运行机制，总结我国生命科学及医学新型研发机构发展面临的挑战。在此基础上，提出了我国生命科学及医学新型研发机构优化建设的策略，涵盖构建多元稳定的筹资机制、建立差异化竞争发展路径、完善优秀人才吸纳培育机制、持续创新科研组织形式、充分用好成果转化机制优势、重视提升机构学术影响力等6 个方面，以更好推动生命科学及医学新型研发机构高质量发展，助力国家科技自立自强。

Novel research and development (R&D) institutions are an important organizational form of scientific and technological innovation in China. Novel R&D institutions in life sciences and medicine are oriented toward people’s life and health and play an important role in promoting the development of life sciences and medicine, forming multiple innovation subjects, and building an innovation ecology with active elements. However, their construction is still in an exploration stage, and it is urgent to optimize the construction strategy and form a stable and sustainable development capability. This study used the methods of policy research, on-site research, case study, and expert consultation to summarize the progress of policy promotion and exploration practices of novel R&D institutions in China, analyzed the construction modes and operation mechanisms of similar R&D institutions abroad, and presented challenges in the development of novel R&D institutions in the field of life sciences and medicine in China. On this basis, we proposed the following strategies for optimizing the construction of novel R&D institutions in life sciences and medicine in China: (1) building up a diversified and stable funding mechanism, (2) establishing a differentiated development path, (3) improving the recruiting and cultivating mechanism of outstanding professionals, (4) continuously innovating the organizational form of scientific research, (5) exploiting the advantages of the flexible mechanism for scientific achievement transformation, and (6) enhancing the academic influence of these institutions, thereby promoting the high-quality development of these institutions and the self-reliance and strength of China in science and technology.