随着我国“双碳”进程的不断推进，煤炭行业亟需寻求低碳发展路径，利用煤矿能源资源优势，实现物质 – 能量的循环转化，提高能源资源的利用效率。本文从煤矿能源资源高效利用的角度出发，分析了煤矿能源资源利用的现状，凝练了煤矿能源资源利用面临的挑战与发展趋势，探讨了煤炭及共伴生资源高效利用、煤矿生产多环节物质 – 能量循环利用模式、资源动态演化下煤矿物质 – 能量循环高效利用拓扑构建方法、煤矿综合能源系统优化调度等关键技术，分阶段阐述了煤矿能源资源高效利用的发展路径。研究建议，加强政策引导与技术创新，促进煤炭共伴生资源及地下空间的高效利用；推进煤矿综合能源微网建设，推进能源优化组合及碳捕集、利用与封存技术应用；开发煤矿综合能源微网精细化调度平台，实现煤矿资源安全高效利用。

The coal industry in China urgently needs to seek a low-carbon development path as the country continues to promote its carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. By utilizing the advantages of energy resources in coal mines and achieving material – energy cycle transformation, the utilization efficiency of energy resources can be improved. This study starts from the perspective of efficient utilization of coal mine energy resources, analyzes the current status of coal mine energy resource utilization, and summarizes the challenges and trends of coal mine energy resource utilization. It explores key technologies for the efficient utilization of coal and coal-associated resources, multi-link material–energy cycle utilization mode in coal mine production, topology construction method for efficient utilization of material–energy cycle in coal mine under dynamic evolution of resources, and optimization and scheduling techniques for integrated energy systems in coal mines. The development path for the efficient utilization of energy resources in coal mines is expounded by stages. Furthermore, research suggests that policy guidance and technological innovation should be strengthened to promote the efficient utilization of coal, coal-associated resources, and underground space. A coal mine integrated energy microgrid should be built, and the optimal combination of energy sources and the application of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology should be promoted. A fine scheduling platform for coal mine integrated energy microgrid should be developed to realize safe and efficient utilization of coal mine resources.