发展具有波动性负荷跟随能力的质子交换膜（PEM）电解水技术，是实现可再生能源耦合电解水制氢、促进可再生能源消纳的有效途径。本文梳理了风电耦合制氢、光伏发电耦合制氢等可再生电力制氢场景，分析了可再生能源的波动特性；从风光波动电源对电解池影响显著、风光波动电源加速电解池部件衰减、风光波动电源模拟方式三方面，详细阐述了PEM电解水制氢的基本特性以及研究进展；进一步讨论了PEM电解槽技术研发、PEM电解槽制氢技术发展方向。在把握风光耦合制氢现状及经济性、明晰风光波动电源电解水制氢产业应用态势的基础上，提出了深化研究高效电解池的基础科学问题和核心部件、进一步降低制氢成本、开展风光耦合制氢优化布局和制度保障研究等发展建议，以期促进可再生能源制氢产业的高质量发展。

Developing the proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis technology with flexibility in a wider load is an effective pathway to couple renewable energies with water electrolysis for hydrogen production and to achieve renewable energy consumption. This study first reviews scenarios of hydrogen production through the coupling of renewable electricity such as wind and photovoltaic power with fluctuating loads, and analyzes the fluctuation characteristics of renewable energy. Subsequently, it elaborates on the basic characteristics and research progress of water electrolysis for hydrogen production from three aspects: effect of fluctuating power on electrolysis cells, accelerated degradation of electrolysis components, and simulation methods for fluctuating power. Furthermore, the research and development directions of PEM electrolysis cell technology and PEM electrolysis for hydrogen production are explored. The current status and economic feasibility of wind-solar-coupled hydrogen production as well as the industrial application trends of hydrogen production under fluctuating power are clarified. Finally, we propose the following suggestions: (1) deepening the research of fundamental scientific issues and core components of electrolysis cells, (2) further reducing hydrogen production costs, and (3) optimizing the layout of wind-solar-coupled hydrogen production and institutional guarantee.