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我国保护性耕作的发展与政策建议
Progress and Suggestions of Conservation Tillage in China
保护性耕作是一项可持续农业技术，以少免耕和作物残茬覆盖地表为主要特点，为我国农业生产带来了显著的经济、环境、社会效益；在我国农业生产转向大规模、高效率、智能化发展的背景下，推动保护性耕作的深化发展，有利于耕地保护、藏粮于地、藏粮于技等国家战略实施。本文从技术与机具研发、示范推广与能力建设、东北黑土区应用三方面，全面回顾了我国保护性耕作的发展历程；系统梳理了我国保护性耕作技术与机具的发展现状，涵盖代表性技术模式，地表秸秆及作物残茬处理、浅层土壤耕作、免少耕播种等关键机具；深入分析了适宜的模式与机具、法律和政策的支持、规模化种植大户的带动等影响我国保护性耕作发展的主要因素。研究建议，筹建国家级科技创新平台、整县推进高标准示范工程，加强政策引导、高质量实施国家级行动计划，持续开展保护性耕作技术宣传，以促进我国保护性耕作技术及应用的稳健发展。
Conservation tillage is a technology regarding sustainable agricultural development, which features less or no tillage and crop stubble covering and has brought significant economic, environmental, and social benefits to China's agricultural production. As agricultural production in China develops toward the directions of large scale, high efficiency, and intelligence, promoting the development of conservation tillage becomes conducive to cultivated land protection, grain supply security, and agricultural technology improvement. This study reviews the development process of conservation tillage in China from the aspects of research and development of conservation tillage technologies and equipment, demonstration and ability construction, and utilization of black soil in Northeast China. It also summarizes the development status of conservation tillage technologies and equipment in China, involving representative technical models and key machines for surface straw and stubble treatment, shallow soil tillage, and no- or less-tillage sowing. The major factors that affect the development of conservation tillage in China are analyzed, including suitable model and equipment, support of laws and policies, and drive of large-scale planting households. Furthermore, suggestions are proposed to promote the rapid and stable development of conservation tillage in China. First, a national science and technology innovation platform should be built and high-standard demonstration projects should be implemented by counties. Second, national action plans on conservation tillage should be implemented to strengthen policy guidance. Third, publicity of conservation tillage should be further strengthened.
保护性耕作 / 机具 / 技术模式 / 耕地保护 / 可持续农业
conservation tillage / machines / technical model / cultivated land protection / sustainable agriculture
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