深海探测与驻留装备是发展海洋科学的重要基础。近年来，我国自主研发的相关装备进展良好，但在国产化过程中仍面临一些“卡脖子”技术问题，亟需攻克相应装备的技术短板，推动我国“透明海洋”能力建设。本文在分析深海探测与驻留装备发展需求的基础上，围绕深海通用感知探测设备、深海运载探测通用平台、深水多功能作业平台、深海通导定位装备、深海通用作业工具、深海有人与无人设备的智能控制系统等6个重点领域，系统梳理国内外相关装备的发展现状，深入辨析我国深海探测与驻留装备发展面临的问题。本文论证提出了我国深海探测与驻留装备的9个重点发展方向，涵盖探测装备能源补给、装备系统设计及优化、高功率密度动力、原位实验研究与开发、载人装备宜居与应急救援、水下动态网络定位、水下声光多模混合通信网络、作业人机混合决策与协同控制、人机交互效能评估及优化等关键技术。研究建议，坚持科学发展、加快启动重点海域建设，坚持统筹集约、高效推进共建共用共享，坚持创新驱动、持续发展新技术新装备，以推动我国深海探测与驻留装备的高质量发展。

Deep-sea exploration and residence equipment is an important basis for the development of marine science. In recent years, China's independent research and development of related equipment has made good progress; however, some technical problems still exist in the process of localization. It is urgent to overcome these problems and promote China's capabilities for constructing a "transparent ocean". This study analyzes the development demand for deep-sea exploration and residence equipment and summarizes the development status and problems of the equipment by focusing on six key areas: general equipment for deep-sea perception and detection; general platforms for deep-sea carrier detection; deep-sea multi-functional operation platforms; deep-sea communication, navigation, and positioning equipment; general tools for deep-sea operation; and intelligent control systems for deep-sea manned and unmanned equipment. Moreover, the study proposes the key development direction of the deep-sea exploration and residence equipment in China, covering nine key technologies: exploration equipment energy supply, design and optimization of equipment systems, power systems with a high power density, in-situ experimental research and development, livability and emergency rescue of manned equipment, underwater dynamic networked positioning, underwater acoustic–optical multi-mode hybrid communication networks, human–machine hybrid decision-making and collaborative control, and evaluation and optimization of human–computer interaction effectiveness. On this basis, it is necessary to accelerate the construction of key marine areas while adhering to scientific development, promote infrastructure co-construction and information sharing through overall planning and intensive development, and encourage the innovation-driven and sustainable development of new technologies and equipment, thus to promote the high-quality development of the deep-sea exploration and residence equipment in China.