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深海科学实验装备发展研究
Advances in Deep-Sea Scientific Experiment Equipment
深海孕育了世界上最大的生态系统，对深海相关演变规律的深刻认知将支撑人类社会的可持续发展；深海极端环境条件决定了开展原位实验作业非常困难，也对深海科学实验装备提出了苛刻的要求。本文从深海科学实验研究的视角出发，按照深海试验装备及试验场、深海原位探测与实验装备、深海环境模拟实验装备的主要划分，系统梳理了国内外深海科学实验装备的发展态势和面临的问题。我国在深海科学实验装备领域已形成了一批自主研发的装备技术，推动了深海科学研究进步，部分优势方向已跻身国际先进水平；但在高精尖装备及其关键核心技术方面未能构建成熟的产业链，导致部分装备发展受限、一些技术薄弱环节凸显。需要加强顶层谋划、协调技术攻关，建立激励机制、推动创新转化，建设示范平台、形成标准体系，突破传感技术、加快国产进程，加强国际合作、提升创新能力，以深海科学实验装备高质量发展推动深海科学研究和海洋强国建设。
The deep sea fuels the world's largest ecosystem, and a deep knowledge of its relevant evolutionary patterns can support the sustainable development of human society. It is difficult to carry out in-situ experiments under the extreme environmental conditions in the deep sea, which puts forward harsh requirements for the development of deep-sea scientific experiment equipment. This study summarizes the development status and problems regarding deep-sea scientific experiment equipment in China and abroad from the aspects of deep-sea test equipment and test sites, deep-sea in-situ exploration and experiment equipment, and experimental equipment for deep-sea environment simulation. China has independently developed a serial of equipment and technologies in the field of deep-sea scientific experiment equipment, and some of its advantageous directions have reached the international advanced level, which has promoted the progress of deep-sea scientific research. However, the country fails to build a mature industrial chain in terms of sophisticated equipment and associated key technologies, resulting in the restricted development of some equipment and prominent technological weaknesses. Therefore, we propose the following suggestions to promote deep-sea scientific research and the high-quality development of the deep-sea scientific experiment equipment: (1) strengthening top-level planning to coordinate technical research; (2) establishing incentive mechanisms to encourage innovation transformation; (3) building demonstration platforms and forming a standards system; (4) developing sensing technologies and accelerating the localization process; and (5) strengthening international cooperation to enhance innovation capacities.
深海 / 科学实验装备 / 原位实验 / 原位观测 / 环境模拟 / 深海试验场
deep sea / scientific experiment equipment / in-situ experiment / in-situ observation / environmental simulation / deep-sea test site
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