PDF(666 KB)
西南水稻主产区用水现状与绿色高效灌排技术
崔宁博, 尹飞虎, 龚道枝, 贺秀斌, 陈飞, 赵璐, 郑顺生, 张艺璇, 吴宗俊
中国工程科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (2) : 132-141.
PDF(666 KB)
PDF(666 KB)
西南水稻主产区用水现状与绿色高效灌排技术
Water Utilization Status and Suggestions for the Development of Green and Efficient Irrigation and Drainage Technology in the Main Rice-Producing Areas of Southwest China
西南水稻主产区面临季节性干旱、工程性缺水等生产问题，绿色高效灌排技术是该区域实现节水稳产增效的关键举措，对保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了包括云南省、贵州省、四川省、重庆市在内的西南地区水稻生产用水现状和灌排技术现状，阐述了西南水稻主产区绿色高效灌排体系的基本特征、绿色高效灌排的具体技术类型，提出了由稻田精准需水预报、灌区精量配水管理、田间高效用水管理、田间高效排水管理构成的绿色高效灌排技术模式。研究发现，西南水稻主产区水资源丰富但时空分布不均，节水灌溉和排水技术落后且对各地区气候条件、水资源量、地形的适用性有较大差异。建议研发稻田灌排高效协同调控新技术、推广绿色高效灌排技术体系、优化稻田水肥运筹模式、开发稻田智能灌排与信息化管理系统、构建水稻绿色高效灌排技术多维推广体系，据此推动西南水稻主产区节水提质增效与绿色减污降排多赢。
The main rice-producing areas in Southwest China are facing production problems such as seasonal drought and engineering water shortage. A green and efficient irrigation and drainage technology system is key to achieving water conservation, stable yield, and high efficiency in the region, and it is of great significance to the food security of China. This study reviews the current status of water use, irrigation, and drainage in the main rice-producing areas in Southwest China, involving Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Chongqing. It examines the basic characteristics and specific technical types of green and efficient irrigation and drainage systems in the areas, and proposes a green and efficient irrigation and drainage technology model that is composed of accurate water demand forecast of paddy fields, precision water distribution management in irrigation areas, efficient water use management in paddy fields, and efficient drainage management in paddy fields. The study found that the main rice-producing areas in Southwest China are rich in water resources but uneven in spatial and temporal distribution of water. The water-saving irrigation and drainage technologies in this region are backward and vary in the applicability of climate conditions, water resources, and topography. Therefore, we propose the following suggestions: (1) developing new technologies for the efficient and coordinated regulation of irrigation and drainage in paddy fields, (2) promoting the green and efficient irrigation and drainage technology system, (3) optimizing the water and fertilizer operation mode, (4) developing an intelligent irrigation system for paddy fields, (5) establishing a paddy field information management system, and (6) building a multi-dimensional technology promotion system, thus to achieve water conservation, pollution control, emission reduction, yield increase, and quality improvement in the main rice-producing areas of Southwest China.
rice / irrigation and drainage technology / Southwest China / green and efficient / water saving
| [1] |
国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴—2021 [M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2021.National Bureau of Statistics. China statistical yearbook—2021 [M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2021.
|
| [2] |
李敏, 蒋明金, 罗德强, 等. 西南稻区高产优良食味杂交籼稻品种筛选 [J]. 四川农业大学学报, 2022, 40(3): 338‒345.
Li M, Jiang M J, Luo D Q, et al. Screening of hybrid indica rice varieties with high yield and good taste in Southwest rice region [J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2022, 40(3): 338‒345.
|
| [3] |
徐精文, 杨文钰, 任万君, 等. 川中丘陵区主要农业气象灾害及其防御措施 [J]. 中国农业气象, 2002, 23(3): 49‒52.
Xu J W, Yang W Y, Ren W J, et al. Major agrometeorological disasters in the hilly region of the middle Sichuan and their preventive measures [J]. Agricultural Meteorology, 2002, 23(3): 49‒52.
|
| [4] |
Zhang X, Davidson E A, Mauzerall D L, et al. Managing nitrogen for sustainable development [J]. Nature, 2015, 528(7580): 51‒59.
|
| [5] |
董瑜皎. 覆膜综合栽培技术对西南丘陵区水稻产量、土壤水热过程和作物氮素利用的影响机理 [D]. 北京: 中国农业大学(博士学位论文), 2019.Dong Y J. Effects of integrated plastic mulch rice management on yield, soil temperature and water content, and crop nitrogen use in the hilly area of Southwest China [D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University (Doctoral dissertation), 2019.
|
| [6] |
刘辉. 成渝地区水稻种植户化肥减量施用行为研究 [D]. 重庆: 西南大学(硕士学位论文), 2022.Liu H. Research on chemical fertilizer application behavior of rice farmers in Chengdu–Chongqing region [D]. Chongqing: Southwest University (Master's thesis), 2022.
|
| [7] |
云南省水利厅. 2022年云南省水资源公报 [EB/OL]. (2023-11-13)[2024-03-15]. http: //wcb.yn.gov.cn/html/2023/shuiziyuangongbao- tongji_1113/57700.html.
Yunnan Provincial Water Resources Department. Yunnan Province water resources bulletin 2022. [EB/OL]. (2023-11-13)[2024-03-15]. http: //wcb.yn.gov.cn/html/2023/shuiziyuangongbao-tongji_1113/57700.html.
|
| [8] |
国家统计局云南调查总队. 云南调查年鉴—2023 [M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2023.
Yunnan General Investigation Team of the National Bureau of Statistics. Yunnan Province survey yearbook—2023 [M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2023.
|
| [9] |
贵州省水利厅. 2022年贵州省水资源公报 [EB/OL]. (2023-12-01)[2024-03-15]. http: //www.guizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlygk/jjgzlfz/sljs/szygl/202312/t20231201_83166779.html.
Guizhou Provincial Water Resources Department. Guizhou Province water resources bulletin 2022 [EB/OL]. (2023-12-01)[2024-03-15]. http: //www.guizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlygk/jjgzlfz/sljs/szygl/202312/t20231201_83166779.html.
|
| [10] |
国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴—2022 [M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2022.National Bureau of Statistics. China statistical yearbook—2021 [M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2022.
|
| [11] |
贵州省质量技术监督局. 贵州省行业用水定额 第一部分: 农业灌溉用水定额分册 [EB/OL]. (2018-03-29)[2024-03-15]. http: //www.jsgg.com.cn/Files/PictureDocument/20181109191552826323636397.pdf.
Guizhou Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau. Water use quotas for industries in Guizhou Province part I: Water use quotas for irrigation in agriculture [EB/OL]. (2018-03-29)[2024-03-15]. http: //www.jsgg.com.cn/Files/PictureDocument/20181109191552 826323636397.pdf.
|
| [12] |
李晓鹏. 四川省水资源统一调度管理的探索与思考 [J]. 四川水利, 2021, 42(1): 1‒3.
Li X P. Exploration and thinking on unified dispatching management of water resources in Sichuan Province [J]. Sichuan Water Resources, 2021, 42(1): 1‒3.
|
| [13] |
龙静雯. 四川省稻田生态系统碳足迹及减排政策研究 [D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学(硕士学位论文), 2020.Long J W. Carbon footprint of rice ecosystem in Sichuan Province and its countermeasures [D]. Yaan: Sichuan Agricultural University (Master's thesis), 2020.
|
| [14] |
陈超, 庞艳梅, 徐富贤, 等. 四川水稻不同生育阶段的干旱风险评估 [J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(6): 184‒193.
Chen C, Pang Y M, Xu F X, et al. Risk assessment of drought on rice at different growth stages in Sichuan Province [J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2018, 36(6): 184‒193.
|
| [15] |
李永松, 陈基旺, 袁帅, 等. 节水灌溉对水稻产量和根系的影响研究进展 [J]. 作物研究, 2020, 34(2): 176‒182.
Li Y S, Chen J W, Yuan S, et al. Research progress on effect of water-saving irrigation on yield and roots of rice [J]. Crop Research, 2020, 34(2): 176‒182.
|
| [16] |
张绍文. 水氮运筹对杂交籼稻产量形成及氮素利用特征的影响 [D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学(硕士学位论文), 2017.Zhang S W. Effects of water-nitrogen managements on grain yield formation and nitrogen utilization characteristics of hybrid rice [D]. Yaan: Sichuan Agricultural University (Master's thesis), 2017.
|
| [17] |
国家统计局重庆调查总队, 重庆市统计局. 重庆调查年鉴—2023 [M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2023.
Chongqing General Investigation Team of the National Bureau of Statistics, Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Chongqing City survey yearbook—2023 [M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2023.
|
| [18] |
重庆市水利厅. 2022年重庆市水资源公报 [EB/OL]. (2023-10-09)[2024-03-15]. http://slj.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_250/fdzdgknr/tjgb/szygb/202310/t20231009_12411755.html.
Chongqing Water Resources Department. Chongqing City water resources bulletin 2022 [EB/OL]. (2023-10-09)[2024-03-15]. http: //slj.cq.gov.cn/zwgk_250/fdzdgknr/tjgb/szygb/202310/t20231009_12411755.html.
|
| [19] |
符娜, 刘小刚, 张岩, 等. 西南地区水稻灌溉需水量变化规律 [J]. 生态学杂志, 2014, 33(7): 1895‒1901.
Fu N, Liu X G, Zhang Y, et al. Variation pattern of rice irrigation water requirement in Southwest of China [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2014, 33(7): 1895‒1901.
|
| [20] |
于伟咏, 漆雁斌, 韦锋, 等. 水旱轮作模式和灌溉方式对西南地区水稻灌溉用水效率的影响 [J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(6): 1127‒1136.
Yu W Y, Qi Y B, Wei F, et al. The impact of FDD rotation mode and irrigation methods on rice irrigation water efficiency in Southwestern China [J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(6): 1127‒1136.
|
| [21] |
罗万琦, 吕辛未, 吴从林, 等. 中国主要稻区水稻灌溉需求变化及其规律分析 [J]. 节水灌溉, 2021 (12): 1‒7.
Luo W Q, Lyu X W, Wu C L, et al. Analysis of rice irrigation demands and its change law in major rice areas of China [J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2021 (12): 1‒7.
|
| [22] |
马世浩, 杨丞, 王贵兵, 等. 水稻节水灌溉技术模式研究进展 [J]. 节水灌溉, 2021 (8): 19‒24.
Ma S H, Yang C, Wang G B, et al. Research progress of rice water-saving irrigation technology mode [J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2021 (8): 19‒24.
|
| [23] |
张宝忠, 彭致功, 雷波, 等. 我国典型作物用水特征及现代农业灌溉技术模式 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2018, 20(5): 77‒83.
Zhang B Z, Peng Z G, Lei B, et al. Water use features of typical crops and technical modes of modern agriculture irrigation in China [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2018, 20(5): 77‒83.
|
| [24] |
朱金城. 江苏扬州稻田控制排水及养分流失试验研究 [D]. 扬州: 扬州大学(硕士学位论文), 2017.Zhu J C. Experimental study on controlled drainage and nutrient loss in rice field in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China [D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University (Master's thesis), 2017.
|
| [25] |
王少丽, 许迪, 陈皓锐, 等. 农田除涝排水技术研究综述 [J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2014, 32(4): 343‒349.
Wang S L, Xu D, Chen H R, et al. Review on research of farmland drainage technology [J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2014, 32(4): 343‒349.
|
| [26] |
和玉璞, 徐俊增, 杨士红, 等. 灌排调控模式对稻田排水过程的影响 [J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2014, 33(S1): 348‒351.
He Y P, Xu J Z, Yang S H, et al. Effects of different irrigation and drainage practices on drainage process in paddy fields [J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2014, 33(S1): 348‒351.
|
| [27] |
江赜伟, 杨士红, 丁洁, 等. 基于DNDC模型的不同水文年稻田水碳管理模式优化 [J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2020, 38(4): 93‒102.
Jiang Z W, Yang S H, Ding J, et al. Optimization of water and carbon management modes for paddy fieldsin different hydrological years based on the DNDC model [J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2020, 38(4): 93‒102.
|
| [28] |
梁新强, 杨姣, 何霜, 等. 关于长江三角洲地区推进稻田退水零直排工程建设的建议 [J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2021, 36(7): 814‒822.
Liang X Q, Yang J, He S, et al. Promoting construction of zero-direct discharge engineering for agricultural wastewater from paddy fields in Yangtze River Delta Region [J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(7): 814‒822.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
