废钢是再生绿色资源，也是钢铁工业不可或缺的铁素资源。在“双碳”战略背景下，重构废钢循环利用技术体系和创新废钢资源管理模式，从根本上破解废钢高质循环利用的瓶颈问题对钢铁工业的绿色低碳转型至关重要。本文对比分析了全球废钢行业的发展现状，科学预测了我国粗钢产量和废钢资源量的变化趋势，提出了2060年左右可能存在的全废钢冶炼这一中国特色问题；凝练了废钢行业规范化、信息化、数字化、智能化发展方向；系统梳理了我国废钢循环利用在标准制度体系、精确分类回收、基于生产者责任延伸（EPR）制度的材料设计和数字化标识解析等方面存在的问题与挑战；在此基础上，创新提出了废钢资源“四全五化”高质循环利用新模式，清晰给出了组织框架和实施策略方案，即面向可能到来的全废钢时代，从钢铁材料全生命周期、全生产流程、全产业链（“四全”）协同贯彻EPR制度，实现废钢资源的科学分类管理、循环和再利用，同时加强全流程生产管理的数字化、信息化、标识化、网络化，并逐渐过渡到优质废钢拆解回收机器人化（“五化”）。研究建议：完善钢铁领域贯彻EPR的制度、技术和管理体系，加强废钢行业标准体系建设，加强钢铁材料全生命周期全产业链数字化标识解析，强化重点行业废钢分类回收和循环利用等，为全面实施废钢资源“四全五化”高质循环利用新模式做好坚实保障。

Steel scraps are renewable resources and indispensable iron resources for the iron and steel industry. In the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, it is crucial to reconstruct the technology system for steel scrap recycling and utilization and innovate the management mode of steel scrap resources, so as to fundamentally crack the bottleneck of high-quality recycling and utilization of steel scraps for the green and low-carbon transformation of the iron and steel industry. This study analyzes the development status of the global steel scrap industry by comparison, predicts the changing trend of raw steel output and steel scrap resources in China, and proposes the possible existence of full steel scrap smelting in China around 2060. Moreover, the development directions of standardization, informatization, digitalization, and intelligentization of the steel scrap industry are summarized. The pressing problems and challenges regarding steel scrap recycling and utilization in China are systematically sorted out in terms of standards and institutional system, precise classification and recycling, material design based on extended producer responsibility (EPR), and digital identity parsing. On this basis, a new "4F5Z" pattern is innovatively proposed for the high-quality recycling and utilization of steel scrap resources, and its organizational framework and implementation strategy are clearly given. Specifically, the EPR system should be implemented in a coordinated manner toward a possible era of full steel scraps and from the aspects of the full life cycle, full production process, and full industrial chain ("4F") of steel materials, thus to realize the sorted management, recycling, and reuse of steel scrap resources. Meanwhile, the digitalization, informatization, labelling, and networking of full production process management should be strengthened and gradually transition to the robotization of high-quality steel scrap dismantling and recycling ("5Z"). Furthermore, to provide a solid guarantee for the full implementation of the "4F5Z" pattern, we propose the following suggestions: (1) improving the system, technology, and management for EPR implementation in the iron and steel industry, (2) strengthening the construction of a standards system for the steel scrap industry, (3) strengthening the digital labelling and analysis of the entire industrial chain and the whole life cycle of iron and steel materials, and (4) reinforcing the sorted collection, recycling, and reuse of steel scraps in key industries.