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镍资源找矿突破与综合开发利用
Exploration Breakthrough and Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Nickel Resources
镍资源是国民经济发展的重要战略资源，也是重要的关键矿产；我国是全球最大的镍金属消费国，也是镍金属原料稀缺国，镍矿产原料对外依存度居高不下，亟需实现镍资源找矿突破、推动镍资源综合开发利用、拓宽镍资源进口渠道，保障镍资源安全稳定供给。本文在综合分析镍产业最新数据的基础上，梳理了全球和我国镍资源禀赋、供需现状，总结了国内外镍矿床成因类型、时空分布规律和找矿前景，分析了我国镍资源产业发展和供应保障面临的问题，提出了镍矿勘查开发的关键技术及综合利用途径。为保障稳定供应和安全发展，从国际和国内两方面提出了我国镍资源保障路径及对策。在国际方面，稳定以印度尼西亚、菲律宾为代表的重要镍资源进口市场，加大投资镍资源海外矿业项目，增强中资企业的国际竞争能力；加强国际合作，实现镍资源进口渠道的多元化。在国内方面，加大镍资源勘查力度；加强镍资源综合利用，提高再生镍资源利用率；优化传统技术工艺，调整产业结构；强化镍资源储备基地建设，保障有效增储；重视海底铁锰结核等潜在镍矿资源的开采技术研究。
Nickel resources are vital for national economic development. As the largest consumer of nickel metal worldwide, China faces a scarcity of nickel metal raw materials which depend highly on imports. Therefore, it is necessary to achieve breakthroughs in nickel resource exploration, promote the comprehensive development and utilization of nickel resources, and broaden import channels, to ensure a secure and stable supply of nickel resources. Based on the analysis of the latest data of the nickel industry, this study reviews the nickel resource endowments and the status of nickel supply and demand in China and abroad, and summarizes the genetic types, spatiotemporal distribution, and prospecting potentials of nickel ore deposits. It also analyzes the issues facing the development and supply security of China's nickel resource industry, and proposes key technologies for nickel exploration as well as development paths for the comprehensive utilization of nickel resources. To ensure the stable supply and safe development of nickel resources in China, countermeasures are proposed from both international and domestic aspects. Internationally, it is necessary to stabilize the important nickel resource import markets represented by Indonesia and the Philippines, increase investment in mining projects overseas to enhance the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises, and strengthen international cooperation to diversify the channels for nickel resource imports. Domestically, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) increasing nickel resource exploration, (2) promoting the comprehensive utilization of nickel resources to increase the utilization rate of recycled nickel resources, (3) optimizing traditional technical processes and adjusting the industrial structure, (4) strengthening nickel reserve bases to ensure effective increase in reserves; and (5) encouraging research on mining technologies of potential nickel ores such as ferromanganese nodules on the ocean floor.
strategic critical minerals / nickel resource / breakthrough in exploration / comprehensive development and utilization
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