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我国海洋地热能开发利用研究
Development and Utilization of Marine Geothermal Energy in China
我国海洋地热能资源丰富，尚未得到较好开发利用，如能与其他海洋资源实现融合开发利用，将对保障我国能源安全、实现“双碳”目标、建设能源强国、构建新型能源体系以及岛礁建设和深远海开发具有重要的战略意义。本文系统梳理了国内外海洋地热能利用现状，分析了我国海洋地热能利用面临的挑战，指出了我国海洋地热能利用未来的重点发展方向：海洋地热能勘探开发核心技术和关键装备、海洋地热能利用核心技术和关键装备、海洋地热能产业及产业链构建；并阐述了阶段性发展目标，提出了我国海洋地热能利用的2个典型模式：与海上稠油和海上天然气水合物融合开发的地下直接利用模式。研究建议：统筹海洋功能区划，将海洋地热能和海洋油气区块纳入国家统一规划；优先摸清南海海洋地热能及与其他海洋资源重叠优势区域分布情况；加快攻关海洋地热能开发利用核心技术和关键装备；加大对海洋地热能开发利用的财政支持力度，并给予补贴和财税优惠政策支持，充分调动企业积极性；在海洋地热能富集区开辟先导试验，积极探索与海洋其他资源融合开发示范，以此促进我国海洋地热能利用的高质量发展。
Marine geothermal energy is rich in China but have not been well developed. Integrating marine geothermal energy with other marine resources is crucial for ensuring China's energy security, realizing the carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, strengthening the country's energy sector, building a new energy system, and promoting island and deep-sea development. This study reviews the current status of marine geothermal energy utilization in China and abroad, analyzes the challenges faced by China in marine geothermal energy utilization, and clarifies the key development directions of marine geothermal energy utilization in China: (1) core technologies and key equipment for the exploration and development of marine geothermal energy, (2) core technologies and key equipment for marine geothermal energy utilization, and (3) marine geothermal energy industry and industrial chain construction. Moreover, the study expounds on the staged development goals and proposed two typical models for marine geothermal energy utilization in China: integrated development with offshore heavy oil and with marine natural gas hydrate. Future development strategies are further proposed: (1) coordinating marine function zoning and incorporating marine geothermal energy and offshore oil and gas blocks into unified national planning; (2) pinpointing the distribution of marine geothermal energy in South China Sea and its overlapping advantages with other marine resources; (3) accelerating research on core technologies and key equipment for the development and utilization of marine geothermal energy; (4) increasing financial support and providing subsidies and preferential fiscal and tax policies to fully mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises; and (5) conducting pilot tests in marine geothermal energy enrichment areas to explore the demonstrations of integrated development with other marine resources.
海洋地热能 / 开发利用 / 油气 / 稠油 / 天然气水合物 / 融合开发
marine geothermal energy / development and utilization / oil and gas / heavy oil / natural gas hydrate / integrated development
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