大力发展新能源是实现“双碳”目标的重要途径，但新能源的随机性、波动性和间歇性特点给电力系统供需平衡及稳定性带来严峻挑战，亟需发展多元灵活性资源来保障系统的安全稳定运行。本文综述了我国碳中和目标下电力需求及电源结构发展路线的相关研究情况，深入分析了不同风光发电量比例下电力系统对灵活性调节的不同需求，并从高峰能力（充足性）、爬坡灵活性、稳定性、惯性4个方面阐述了未来所需要的“源网荷储”各类灵活性资源特性；结合国际经验，提出了保障安全、低碳发展、经济最优的灵活性资源发展原则，并在分析我国灵活性资源发展存在问题的基础上，提出了与我国电力行业减排目标和中长期电力结构变化趋势相一致的灵活性资源发展路线；最后从电源、电网、负荷、储能、市场机制5个方面提出了发展灵活性资源的重点举措。

Vigorously developing new energy sources is an important approach to achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. However, the randomness, volatility, and intermittency of new energy pose severe challenges to the supply-demand balance and stability of the electric power system. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop diversified flexible resources to guarantee the system's safe and stable operation. This study summarizes the electricity demand and the power structure development pathways in China under the carbon neutrality goal. Based on this, it analyzes the different flexibility demands of electric power systems with different proportions of wind and solar power generation capacities and elaborates on the characteristics of various types of flexible resources needed for power generation, transmission, load, and storage from four aspects: peak capacity (adequacy), ramping flexibility, stability, and inertia. Drawing from the international experience regarding flexible resource development, we propose the principles for flexible resource development: supply security guarantee, low-carbon development, and economic optimization. Considering the existing problems in the flexible resource development in China, we propose a flexible resource development pathway that aligns with the emission reduction goal of the power sector and the medium- to long-term development trend of the electric power structure of China. Furthermore, key initiatives to ensure the development of flexible resources are proposed from five aspects: power source, power grid, load, energy storage, and market mechanism.