探讨运河工程低碳建造面临的基本技术问题并提出技术发展应对策略，有助于完善我国运河工程低碳建造的理论与技术，为未来的国际国内运河工程建设提供参考。本文概要梳理了我国古代运河工程和现代运河的建设情况，从重大基础设施低碳发展共性、运河工程低碳建造个性的角度明确了运河工程低碳建造的必要性。新时期运河工程建造的难点是在保障运河工程可靠性的基础上提升建造低碳性，因而运河工程低碳建造的基本技术问题集中在低碳性保障方面；依托平陆运河这一世纪工程的低碳技术攻关实践，着重凝练了运河建筑材料高效运用、运河新旧构件高效利用、运河多维固废循环再生、运河耐久性保障及沿线生物多样保护、运河施工与运维低能耗等基本技术问题。提出了由减量化、再利用、循环再生、韧性化、可再生能源构成的5R低碳建造技术框架，精准应对运河工程低碳建造的基本技术问题。运河工程低碳建造处于起步阶段，建议学术界和工程界持续保持对这一新兴领域的关注、思考与研究。

Exploring the fundamental technical problems and countermeasures will help improve the theories and technologies regarding the low-carbon construction of canal engineering (LCCCE) and provide references for future canal construction. This study reviews the history of canal engineering in China and clarifies the necessity of LCCCE from the perspectives of engineering commonality and canal individuality. The difficulty of canal engineering in the new situation is to improve low-carbon construction on the basis of ensuring reliability. Therefore, the fundamental technical problems of LCCCE focus on low-carbon security. Based on the practice of low-carbon technology research in the century-long project of the Pinglu Canal, this study focuses on the following fundamental technical problems: (1) efficient application of canal building materials, (2) efficient utilization of old and new structures, (3) multi-dimensional recycling of solid wastes, (4) durability guarantee and biodiversity protection of canals, and (5) low-energy consumption in canal construction, operation, and maintenance. A low-carbon construction technology framework consisting of “reduce, reuse, recycle, resilience, and renewable energy” (5R) is proposed to accurately address the fundamental technical problems of LCCCE. The LCCCE is still in its infancy, and it is recommended that the academic and engineering communities continue to focus on this emerging field.