PDF(1043 KB)
PDF(1043 KB)
PDF(1043 KB)
基于稳产视角的粮食安全：现实基础、主要问题和对策建议
Food Security Based on the Perspective of Stable Production: Current Status, Key Issues, and Policy Recommendations
保障粮食安全事关国家安全和发展大局，是推动经济持续发展、保持社会长期稳定的重要基础。本研究基于稳产视角，在分析我国粮食生产现状及特点的基础上，明确我国粮食生产面临的主要问题。研究发现，近年来我国粮食播种面积总体稳定，粮食总产量和单产水平有所提高，粮食生产重心不断北移，粮食生产规模化、机械化水平以及质量安全水平不断提高，粮食生产形势总体向好。但是，我国粮食生产还存在产量进一步提升面临较大压力、播种面积和单产水平仍有较大提升空间、区域性供需矛盾凸显、耕地数量减少和质量下降问题突出、政府抓粮和农民种粮积极性弱化、新型农业经营主体金融服务滞后等问题。鉴于此，研究提出，落实粮食安全和耕地保护党政同责、提高主销区和产销平衡区粮食自给水平、实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动、实施玉米单产提升和耕地质量提升工程、促进大豆产业持续健康发展、完善粮食生产支持政策、加大农村金融服务供给等对策建议。
Ensuring food security is crucial for national security and development, and is an important foundation for promoting sustained economic development and maintaining long-term social stability. Based on the perspective of stable production, this study analyzes the current status and characteristics of grain production in China, clarifies the major problems, and proposes relevant countermeasures and suggestions. Research has found that in recent years, the sown area of grain in China has remained stable; the total and unit yield levels of grain have increased; the focus of grain production has continuously shifted northward; the scale, mechanization, quality, and safety levels of grain production have improved; and the overall situation of grain production is improving. However, China's grain production still faces significant pressure to further increase output, there is still room for improvement in sowing area and yield level, regional supply-demand contradictions are prominent, the problem of reduced quantity and quality of cultivated land is significant, the enthusiasm of government and farmers for grain production is weakened, and financial services for new agricultural business entities lag behind. In view of this, this study proposes policy recommendations for strengthening the responsibilities of the government for food security and farmland protection, improving the self-sufficiency of grain in major sales areas and production-sales balance areas, implementing a new round of action to increase grain production capacity, launching projects to increase corn yield and farmland quality, promoting the sustainable and healthy development of the soybean industry, improving food production support policies, and increasing the supply of rural financial services.
food security / grain production / farmland protection / new business entities
| [1] |
宋洪远, 江帆. 农业强国的内涵特征、重点任务和关键举措 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2023, 44(6): 18‒29.
Song H Y, Jiang F. Connotative characteristics, key tasks and key initiatives of an agricultural power [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2023, 44(6): 18‒29.
|
| [2] |
谭光万, 王秀东, 王济民, 等. 新形势下国家食物安全战略研究 [J]. 中国工程科学, 2023, 25(4): 1‒13.
Tan G W, Wang X D, Wang J M, et al. National food security strategy in the new situation [J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2023, 25(4): 1‒13.
|
| [3] |
杜志雄. 全方位夯实粮食安全根基 [J]. 红旗文稿, 2023 (2): 29‒32.
Du Z X. Consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions [J]. Red Flag Manuscript, 2023 (2): 29‒32.
|
| [4] |
孔祥智, 宋乐颜. 全方位夯实国家粮食安全根基: 内涵、挑战与对策 [J]. 农村经济, 2023 (5): 8‒15.
Kong X Z, Song L Y. Consolidating the foundation of national food security in an all round way: Connotation, challenges and countermeasures [J]. Rural Economy, 2023 (5): 8‒15.
|
| [5] |
张宁宁, 李雪, 吕新业, 等. 百年变局、世纪疫情背景下世界及中国粮食安全面临的风险挑战及应对策略 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2022, 43(12): 136‒141.
Zhang N N, Li X, Lyu X Y, et al. Risks, challenges and strategies faced by the global and China's food security under the unseen century changes and the pandemic [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2022, 43(12): 136‒141.
|
| [6] |
王晓君, 何龙娟, 王国刚. 全球粮食不安全形势下保障中国粮食安全的逻辑思维与战略取向 [J]. 改革, 2022 (12): 66‒77.
Wang X J, He L J, Wang G G. Logical thinking and strategic orientation for safeguarding China's food security under the global food insecurity situation [J]. Reform, 2022 (12): 66‒77.
|
| [7] |
于法稳, 代明慧, 林珊. 基于粮食安全底线思维的耕地保护: 现状、困境及对策 [J]. 经济纵横, 2022 (12): 9‒16.
Yu F W, Dai M H, Lin S. Cultivated land protection based on bottom line thinking of food security: Current situation, difficulties and countermeasures [J]. Economic Review Journal, 2022 (12): 9‒16.
|
| [8] |
杜志雄, 肖卫东. 全方位夯实粮食安全根基: 意义、内涵及重点任务 [J]. 中州学刊, 2022 (12): 32‒39.
Du Z X, Xiao W D. Consolidating the foundation of food security in an all round way: Significance, connotation and key tasks [J]. Academic Journal of Zhongzhou, 2022 (12): 32‒39.
|
| [9] |
高鸣, 魏佳朔. 后小康时代保障粮食安全的形势任务、战略选择及2035年远景谋划 [J]. 南京农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 21(3): 30‒44.
Gao M, Wei J S. Goal and strategic choice of ensuring grain security in the "post moderately prosperous" era and long-term plan for 2035 [J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University (Social Sciences Edition), 2021, 21(3): 30‒44.
|
| [10] |
李国祥. 新时代国家粮食安全的目标任务及根本要求——学习习近平关于国家粮食安全论述及十九届六中全会相关精神的体会 [J]. 中国农村经济, 2022 (3): 2‒11.
Li G X. On the policy goals and fundamental requirements of national food security in a new era: To learn from general secretary Xi Jinping's exposition on national food security and the relevant spirit of the sixth plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee [J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2022 (3): 2‒11.
|
| [11] |
张应良, 徐亚东. 新形势下我国粮食安全风险及其战略应对 [J]. 中州学刊, 2023 (3): 52‒61.
Zhang Y L, Xu Y D. The risks and strategic responses of China's food security in the new situation [J]. Academic Journal of Zhongzhou, 2023 (3): 52‒61.
|
| [12] |
卞靖. 全球粮食安全形势变化对中国的主要影响及应对策略研究 [J]. 宏观经济研究, 2022 (12): 140‒151.
Bian J. A study on the main impact of the global food security situation changes on China and its coping strategies [J]. Macroeconomics, 2022 (12): 140‒151.
|
| [13] |
钟钰. 从粮食安全看"藏粮于地"的必然逻辑与内在要求 [J]. 人民论坛·学术前沿, 2022 (22): 78‒85.
Zhong Y. The essential logic and inherent requirements of "food crop production strategy based on farmland management" from the perspective of food security [J]. Frontiers, 2022 (22): 78‒85.
|
| [14] |
朱晶, 张瑞华, 谢超平. 全球农业贸易治理与中国粮食安全 [J]. 农业经济问题, 2022, 43(11): 4‒17.
Zhu J, Zhang R H, Xie C P. Global agricultural governance and China's food security [J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2022, 43(11): 4‒17.
|
| [15] |
蒋和平, 蒋辉, 詹琳. 我国农业保险发展思路与策略选择: 基于粮食安全保障视角 [J]. 改革, 2022 (11): 84‒94.
Jiang H P, Jiang H, Zhan L. Thinking and strategy selection of China's agricultural insurance development: Based on the vision of food security [J]. Reform, 2022 (11): 84‒94.
|
| [16] |
吴琮林, 郭晓鸣, 虞洪. 中国粮食安全面临的中长期挑战及应对策略 [J]. 农村经济, 2022 (10): 27‒36.
Wu C L, Guo X M, Yu H. The long-term challenges to China's food security and its coping strategies [J]. Rural Economy, 2022 (10): 27‒36.
|
| [17] |
徐亚东, 张应良. 新征程中全方位夯实粮食安全根基的深刻内涵与关键举措 [J]. 西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2023, 23(4): 95‒103.
Xu Y D, Zhang Y L. The profound connotation and key measures to consolidate the foundation of food security in the new journey [J]. Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 2023, 23(4): 95‒103.
|
| [18] |
农业农村部农村合作经济指导司. 中国农村合作经济统计年报—2021年 [M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2022.
The Department of Rural Cooperative Economic Guidance of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Statistical annual report of China's rural cooperative economy 2021 [M]. Beijing: China Agricultural Press, 2022.
|
| [19] |
农业农村部农业机械化管理司. 2021年全国农业机械化发展统计公报 [EB/OL]. (2022-08-17)[2023-08-12]. http://www.njhs.moa.gov.cn/nyjxhqk/202208/t20220817_6407161.htm?eqid=ededaa250002e117000000066459f914.
The Department of Agricultural Mechanization Management of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs. Statistical bulletin on the development of agricultural mechanization in China in 2021 [EB/OL]. (2022-08-17)[2023-08-12].http://www.njhs.moa.gov.cn/nyjxhqk/202208/t20220817_6407161.htm?eqid=ededaa250002e117000000066459f914.
|
| [20] |
中国政府网.粮食产后服务体系实现产粮大县全覆盖 [EB/OL].(2021-06-19)[2023-08-15]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-06/19/content_5619462.htm.
Chinese Government Website. The grain postproduction service system coversall major grain producing counties [EB/OL]. (2021-06-19)[2023-08-15]. https://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021-06/19/content_5619462.htm.
|
| [21] |
国家统计局农村社会经济调查司. 中国农村统计年鉴—2022 [M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2022.
Rural Social and Economic Survey Department of the National Bureau of Statistics. China rural statistic yearbook 2022 [M]. Beijing: China Statistic Press, 2022.
|
| [22] |
郑兆峰, 宋洪远. 健全粮食主产区利益补偿机制: 现实基础、困难挑战与政策优化 [J]. 农业现代化研究, 2023, 44(2): 214‒221.
Zheng Z F, Song H Y. Improving the benefit compensation mechanism for main grain producing areas: Basis, problems, and policy optimization [J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization, 2023, 44(2): 214‒221.
|
| [23] |
黎莉莉, 胡晓群, 陈松柏. 新世纪中国粮食生产特征及粮食安全政策取向 [J]. 宏观经济研究, 2023 (1): 70‒83.
Li L L, Hu X Q, Chen S B. Characteristics of China's grain production and grain security policy orientation in the new century [J]. Macroeconomics, 2023 (1): 70‒83.
|
| [24] |
武维华. "北粮南运"与"湖广熟天下足" [J]. 民主与科学, 2015 (6): 3‒4.
Wu W H. "Grain from the North to the South" and "the rich harvests of Hunan and Hubei feed the whole country" [J]. Democracy & Science, 2015 (6): 3‒4.
|
| [25] |
中华人民共和国自然资源部. 2022年中国自然资源统计公报 [EB/OL].(2023-04-12)[2023-08-25]. https://m.mnr.gov.cn/gk/tzgg/202304/P020230412578100029650.pdf.
Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. The natural resources statistics bulletin of China 2022 [EB/OL]. (2023-04-12)[2023-08-25]. https://m.mnr.gov.cn/gk/tzgg/202304/P020230412578100029650.pdf.
|
| [26] |
中华人民共和国自然资源部.第三次全国国土调查主要数据公报 [EB/OL]. (2021-08-26)[2023-08-28]. https://www.mnr.gov.cn/dt/ywbb/202108/t20210826_2678340.html.
Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China. Main data bulletin of the third national land survey [EB/OL]. (2021-08-26)[2023-08-28]. https://www.mnr.gov.cn/dt/ywbb/202108/t20210826_2678340.html.
|
| [27] |
中华人民共和国农业农村部. 2019年全国耕地质量等级情况公报 [EB/OL]. (2020-02-06)[2023-08-30]. http://www.ntjss.moa.gov.cn/zcfb/202006/P020200622573390595236.pdf.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. The quality level of cultivated land bulletin of China in 2019 [EB/OL].(2020-02-06)[2023-08-30]. http://www.ntjss.moa.gov.cn/zcfb/202006/P020200622573390595236.pdf.
|
| [28] |
中华人民共和国农业农村部.我国三大粮食作物化肥农药利用率双双超40% [EB/OL]. (2021-01-19)[2023-08-30]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/xw/bmdt/202101/t20210119_6360102.htm.
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China. The utilization rates of fertilizers and pesticides in China's three major grain crops have both exceeded 40% [EB/OL]. (2021-01-19)[2023-08-30]. http://www.moa.gov.cn/xw/bmdt/202101/t20210119_6360102.htm.
|
| [29] |
宋洪远, 石宝峰, 吴比. 新型农业经营主体基本特征、融资需求和政策含义 [J]. 农村经济, 2020 (10): 73‒80.
Song H Y, Shi B F, Wu B. The new agricultural business entities: Basic characteristics, financing needs and policy implications [J]. Rural Economy, 2020 (10): 73‒80.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
