“双碳”目标的提出加速了我国能源革命的进程，对发展新兴能源、构建现代能源体系起到了极大的推动作用。本文聚焦节能降碳，新型电力系统建设，碳捕集、利用与封存三个重点领域，梳理了世界碳中和重点领域工程科技发展的九大趋势，提出了面向2040年的碳中和重点领域经济社会与科技发展愿景和战略目标；剖析碳中和领域发展面临的问题，描绘了基于“十项关键技术、九项重点任务、四项重大工程、三项重大科技项目”的工程科技发展路线。研究提出，强化节能优先战略实施和管理，加强科研仪器设备研发和科研平台建设，充分发挥中央企业创新主体作用，加强碳捕集、利用与封存技术的财税支持等4项保障措施，为我国碳中和重点领域科技创新研发布局提供借鉴和参考。

The proposal of carbon neutrality has accelerated the process of energy revolution and plays a significant role in promoting the development of emerging energy and building a modern energy system. This study focuses on three key fields: energy saving and carbon emission reduction; construction of a new power system; and carbon capture, storage and utilization. It sorts out nine trends in carbon neutrality worldwide and proposes the development vision and strategic goals for carbon neutrality toward 2040. Moreover, this study analyzes the challenges faced by carbon neutrality and proposes a development path for engineering science and technology in the key fields of carbon neutrality, which involves ten key technologies, nine key tasks, four major engineering projects, and three major science and technology projects. Furthermore, this study proposes four supporting measures: (1) strengthening the implementation and management of an energy-saving priority strategy, (2) promoting the development of advanced scientific instruments and the establishment of scientific platforms, (3) leveraging the role of central enterprises as the main force of innovation, and (3) reinforcing financial and tax support for the technique of carbon capture, utilization and storage, thereby providing references for the scientific research in the key fields of carbon neutrality in China.