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我国锂铍钽铌矿产资源选冶加工现状与展望
孙传尧, 朱阳戈, 宋振国, 张晓亮, 孙小朋, 肖仪武, 王臻, 何文洁, 闫丽
中国工程科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (5) : 248-258.
PDF(655 KB)
PDF(655 KB)
我国锂铍钽铌矿产资源选冶加工现状与展望
Beneficiation, Smelting and Material Processing of Lithium, Beryllium, Tantalum, and Niobium Mineral Resources in China: Current Status and Prospect
锂、铍、钽、铌选冶加工是保障我国相关资源安全供给的核心环节，鉴于资源禀赋的复杂性与矿区生态的脆弱性，需要加快形成适应我国资源特点的锂铍钽铌选冶加工技术体系。本文针对包括资源勘查、选矿、冶炼、材料加工在内的锂铍钽铌全产业链，总结了我国锂铍钽铌资源概况、选冶加工产业发展现状，分析了当代锂铍钽铌选冶加工的基本特点，凝练了锂铍钽铌资源勘查及选冶加工存在的问题。进一步研判了未来锂铍钽铌矿产资源选冶加工的重点任务，包括加强重点矿集区勘查、建立硬岩锂矿共（伴）生资源选冶综合利用技术体系、突破难处理液体锂资源清洁高效提锂关键技术、提高铍钽铌高端材料生产能力、加强尾矿综合利用研究、建立锂二次资源循环利用体系，提出了锂铍钽铌矿产资源选冶加工的保障举措，包括加强资源勘查，建立战略性储备机制，加强低品位资源综合利用和高端材料制备科技创新，给予铍采选冶加工企业以政策支持，扶持重点省份工业发展，建立区域性集中冶炼厂，支持我国企业境外投资资源开发，以此推动锂铍钽铌选冶加工及综合利用产业高质量发展、保障锂铍钽铌资源供应安全。
The beneficiation, smelting and material processing of lithium, beryllium, tantalum, and niobium (Li-Be-Ta-Nb) resources is a core link for ensuring the safe supply of resources in China. In view of the complexity in resource endowment and the ecological fragility in mining areas in China, it is necessary to accelerate the formation of a beneficiation-smelting-material processing technology system for the Li-Be-Ta-Nb resources that adapts to China's resource characteristics. Focusing on the entire Li-Be-Ta-Nb industry chain including resource exploration, ore beneficiation, smelting, and material processing, this study summarizes the situation of Li-Be-Ta-Nb resources as well as the development status of the Li-Be-Ta-Nb beneficiation-smelting-material processing industry in China. Moreover, it analyzes the basic characteristics of contemporary of Li-Be-Ta-Nb beneficiation-smelting-material processing, clarifies the problems existing in Li-Be-Ta-Nb resource exploration and beneficiation-smelting-material processing, and provides the prospect of beneficiation-smelting-material processing and comprehensive utilization of Li-Be-Ta-Nb resources. The key tasks for the beneficiation-smelting-material processing of Li-Be-Ta-Nb resources identified in this study include (1) strengthening exploration efforts in key mining areas, (2) establishing a comprehensive beneficiation-smelting-material processing technology system for co-existing resources of hard-rock lithium mines, (3) achieving breakthroughs in key technologies regarding the clean and efficient extraction of lithium from refractory liquid-lithium resources, (4) improving the production capacity of high-end beryllium, tantalum, and niobium materials, (5) strengthening research on the comprehensive utilization of tailings, and (6) establishing a recycling system for lithium secondary resources. Furthermore, the study proposes the following safeguard measures: (1) strengthening resource exploration, (2) establishing a strategic reserve mechanism, (3) reinforcing the comprehensive utilization of low-grade resources and the technological innovation in high-end materials preparation, (4) providing policy support for beryllium mining, beneficiation, and smelting enterprises, (5) supporting the industrial development in key provinces, (6) establishing centralized smelting plants at the regional level, and (7) encouraging Chinese companies to invest overseas in resource development, thereby promoting the high-quality development of the beneficiation-smelting-material processing and comprehensive utilization of Li-Be-Ta-Nb resources and ensuring the supply security of Li-Be-Ta-Nb resources.
锂铍钽铌 / 战略矿产 / 选冶加工 / 综合利用 / 锂多金属矿
Li-Be-Ta-Nb / strategic minerals / beneficiation-smelting-material processing / comprehensive utilization / lithium polymetallic ore
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