中药产业是我国经济社会的重要产业之一，落实“双碳”目标、实施高质量发展是重要趋势，因而以“双碳”目标为引领的产业发展顶层设计兼具理论探讨和实践指导意义。本文从政策环境、经济环境、社会环境、技术环境等角度出发，分析了中药产业发展现状，讨论了中药产业碳中和的必要性和可能性；明晰了资源保护与利用矛盾突出、生态种植模式推广力度不足、中药产业碳足迹路径不明确、绿色低碳产业链有待完善、与关联产业协同发展薄弱等中药产业低碳和高质量发展面临的主要挑战。研究认为，加强中药产业碳足迹研究、研发低碳中药生产技术、探索多样中药生态农业技术是碳中和背景下中药产业高质量发展的可行路径，需要着重实施7个方面举措：完善中药产业支持政策、筑牢高质量发展基础，推动中药产业低碳化、发挥标准赋能作用，创新研发农用与饲用中药、提高中药资源利用效率，发展中药资源循环综合利用、挖掘中药减碳潜力，构建中药产业低碳链条、提升产业链协同能力，构建中药产业多方参与发展路径、聚集产业高质量发展要素，建立中药产业发展示范区、推动中药产业国际化。

The traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry is one of the crucial industries in China's economic and social landscape. The realization of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality ("dual carbon") goals and the implementation of high-quality development represent significant tendencies. Thus, under the guidance of the "dual carbon" goals, proposing a top-level design for industrial development holds both theoretical exploration and practical guiding values. This study examines the development status of the TCM industry from the perspectives of policy, economic, social, and technological environments, and deliberates on the necessity and possibility of carbon neutrality in this industry. It also clarifies the major challenges confronted by the low-carbon and high-quality development of the TCM industry, including the prominent contradiction between resource protection and utilization, insufficient promotion of ecological planting models, ambiguity of carbon footprint paths, need for improvement in green and low-carbon industrial chains, and weak synergy with related industries. The study contends that intensifying research on the carbon footprint of the TCM industry, developing low-carbon production technologies for TCM, and exploring diverse ecological agricultural technologies for TCM are viable paths for the high-quality development of the TCM industry in the context of carbon neutrality. Seven measures should be emphasized and implemented: (1) perfecting the support policies for the TCM industry to lay a solid foundation for high-quality development; (2) promoting the low-carbon development of the TCM industry by exerting the enabling role of standards; (3) innovating the TCM for agricultural and feed use to enhance the utilization efficiency of TCM resources; (4) promoting the circular and comprehensive utilization of TCM resources by tapping the carbon reduction potential of TCM; (5) constructing the low-carbon chain of the TCM industry to improve the synergy capacity of the industrial chain; (6) establishing a multi-party participation development path for the TCM industry and aggregating the elements for high-quality development of the industry; and (7) establishing a demonstration zone for the development of the TCM industry and facilitating the internationalization of the industry.