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城镇化水平衡效应与城市水安全韧性提升研究
Water Balance Effect of Urbanization and Countermeasures for Enhancing Urban Water Security Resilience
我国快速城镇化进程与全球气候变化影响叠加，对城市及毗邻区的水平衡状态产生了直接且重要的影响，带来了洪涝灾害、水资源短缺、水环境污染等城市水问题，威胁着城市健康发展和社会公共安全。本文从降水、蒸散发、地表径流、地下水、水质、水资源供需平衡6个方面出发，较为全面地阐述了快速城镇化带来的水平衡综合效应；基于城镇化进程中城市水安全风险分析，提出了“以水定城、量水发展，系统治理、统筹协同，主动适应、平战结合，科技引领、创新驱动”的总体思路和相应的发展策略。研究认为，前瞻研判城市水安全风险、实施风险科学评估和有效预防，优化城市开发利用方式、促进城市精明增长，强化城市与流域统筹治理、提升城市水系统承载力，应对超标准气象水文事件冲击、提升应急管理能力，推进城市水安全风险社会化管理、增强适应和恢复能力，依托科技创新突破城市水安全保障重大关键问题，据此全面提升城市水安全韧性。
Over the past four decades, the rapid urbanization process in China, coupled with the impact of global climate change, has significantly affected the water balance in urban areas and their adjacent regions. This has led to prominent urban water issues such as floods, water scarcity, and water pollution, posing severe threats to the healthy development of cities. To address this, this study elaborates on the comprehensive effects of urbanization on water balance from six aspects: precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, groundwater, water quality, and water supply-demand balance. It analyzes the risks and challenges faced by urban water security in China under a changing environment and proposes basic principles, main ideas, and key strategies for achieving a healthy urban water balance and enhancing urban water security resilience. The study argues that to promote China's new urbanization, we should adhere to the principle of developing cities based on water availability and planning development according to water resources, proactively assess urban water security risks and their evolutionary trends, and strengthen proactive risk prevention. Additionally, it is necessary to actively optimize urban development and utilization patterns to promote smart urban growth, and strengthen coordinated governance of urban and watershed water issues to enhance the carrying capacity of urban water systems. Efforts should also be made to significantly improve urban emergency management capabilities to effectively respond to the impact of extreme meteorological and hydrological events, and actively promote the socialized management of urban water security risks to enhance adaptability and resilience. Finally, it is crucial to accelerate the resolution of key scientific and technological challenges in the field of urban water security.
城市水平衡 / 新型城镇化 / 水安全 / 韧性提升 / 极端事件 / 以水定城
urban water balance / new-type urbanization / water security / resilience enhancement / extreme events / city planning based on water availability
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