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长江三角洲地区农业面源污染“三水”协同治理体系构建研究
Construction of Synergistic Governance System for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution in the Yangtze River Delta
农业是长江三角洲（长三角）地区的重要产业，农业面源污染给长三角地区的水安全、粮食安全和生态安全带来严峻挑战，亟需以水资源、水环境和水生态（“三水”）为依托，统筹推进面源污染协同治理，助力长三角一体化高质量发展。本文系统分析了长三角地区农业面源污染治理面临的挑战，包括农业用水量大且循环利用率低、农业面源污染成分复杂且产生和输送过程多变、区域种植养殖（种养）交互和污染排放叠加、水质改善与水量和水生态协同缺失、面源污染治理责任主体不明且工程长效运维困难等。研究提出了构建长三角地区农业面源污染协同治理体系的建议：构建农田区域循环湿地系统，建立“水肥药”资源的循环利用工程体系；发挥灌排工程系统的作用，实现农田污染物逐级截留净化与节水减污；统筹种养水肥综合利用，构建大农业一体化面源近零排放模式；融合“三水”共治，形成基于农业面源协同治理的和美乡村建设技术标准与管理范式；搭建共治共管平台，健全长三角地区“三水”综合管控体系。
Agriculture is an important industry in the Yangtze River Delta. Agricultural non-point source pollution has brought severe challenges to water security, food security, and ecological safety in the Yangtze River Delta; therefore, it is urgent to synergistically manage agricultural non-point source pollution through co-governance of water resource protection, water pollution control, and aquatic ecosystem restoration, thereby safeguarding the high-quality and integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta. This study systematically analyzes the challenges faced in the management of agricultural non-point source pollution in the region: large agricultural water consumption and low recycling rate; complex composition of agricultural non-point source pollution and variable production and transportation process; mutual interaction of regional planting and breeding with superimposed pollution emissions; lack of coordination between water quality improvement, water quantity, and aquatic ecosystem; unclear responsibility of non-point source pollution governance entities; and difficulties in long-term operation and maintenance of engineering projects. The study proposes the following suggestions for the system construction aimed at synergistic governance of agricultural non-point source pollution in the Yangtze River Delta: (1) constructing a regional circular wetland system for farmland to facilitate the recycling of water, fertilizer, and pesticides; (2) leveraging irrigation and drainage systems to realize stepwise interception and purification of farmland pollutants; (3) coordinating the integrated use of water and fertilizer for planting and breeding to achieve near-zero emission of non-point source pollutants; (4) integrating the governance of water resource protection, water pollution control, and aquatic ecosystem restoration to establish technical standards and management paradigms; and (5) establishing a platform for co-governance to enhance the comprehensive control system for water resources, environment, and ecology in the Yangtze River Delta.
长江三角洲 / 农业面源污染 / “三水”共治 / 水肥循环利用 / 逐级截留净化
Yangtze River Delta / agricultural non-point source pollution / coordination of water resources, environment, and ecology / water and fertilizer recycling / stepwise interception and purification
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