城乡多源有机固体废弃物（固废）资源化利用是“无废城市”建设、循环经济发展的重要依托，“双碳”目标的提出也对城乡多源有机固废资源化利用提出了新的更高要求。本文从生活垃圾、污水厂污泥、农业有机固废3个方面出发，梳理了我国城乡多源有机固废资源化利用的基本进展，凝练出城乡多源有机固废资源化利用在总体规划与顶层设计、协作管理与费用机制、技术创新及转化等方面存在的突出问题，提出了以生物处理为核心的多源协同资源化、以热化学处理为核心的多源协同安全处置、多源有机固废集约化／园区化协同处置等关键技术路径。研究建议，系统谋划面向减污降碳双重目标的中长期总体规划和顶层设计，加强多学科交叉与“产学研用”协同以推动关键核心技术创新应用与产业升级，健全制度体系并建立跨部门协作的管理体制和市场化的价格机制，以此纵深推进城乡多源有机固废资源化利用。

The resource recycling of organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas is crucial for the development of waste-free cities and a circular economy. The carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals proposed by China also impose new and higher requirements for the resource recycling of these multi-source organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas. This study summarizes the basic progress of the resource recycling of multi-source organic solid wastes in urban and rural areas in China from the perspectives of household wastes, sewage sludge, and agricultural wastes, and identifies the prominent problems in overall planning and top-level design, collaborative management and cost mechanism, as well as technological innovation and transformation. Moreover, it proposes three key technical paths for the resource recycling, including multi-source collaborative recycling centered on biological treatment, multi-source collaborative safe disposal centered on thermochemical treatment, and intensive/park-based collaborative disposal of multi-source organic wastes. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed: forming the medium- and long-term overall planning and top-level design for pollution and carbon reduction, strengthening interdisciplinary integration and industry‒university‒research‒application collaboration, and improving the institutional system by establishing a cross-departmental collaborative management system and a market-based pricing mechanism to promote the innovative application of key core technologies and industrial upgrading.