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PDF(1956 KB)
电能航空动力技术发展研究
Development of Electric Propulsion Technology in Aviation
电能航空动力技术开启了航空领域新一轮创新与变革热潮，是推进航空业绿色发展、应对全球环境挑战的重要举措。本文系统论述了国内外电动航空器的研究进展，分析了我国电能航空动力技术与国外的差距，明晰了我国电动航空器研制所面临的技术挑战；进一步梳理了电能航空动力四大关键技术：长寿命高能量密度电池技术、高效高功重比电机推进技术、能量综合管理技术和高升阻比气动布局设计技术，分析了各关键技术的产业特征和研究现状，阐明了各关键技术的发展方向和亟待解决的基础技术问题；构建了电能航空动力飞机性能评估模型，分析了电池能量密度、电机功率密度、电机效率和飞机升阻比等关键技术参数对电动航空器性能的影响，评估了电能航空动力技术在轻小型城市空运飞机、区域通勤飞机和小型支线飞机上的工程实用性。研究建议，电能航空动力技术发展应充分利用我国拥有的新能源产业的技术积累和先进工业基础，考虑高能量密度储能电池、高效能推进系统等关键部件的现有性能与未来提升需求，以城市空运、区域通勤、支线飞机为路径制定发展战略规划，逐步拓展电能航空动力技术在民航运输中的应用，助力我国实现碳达峰、碳中和目标。
The electric propulsion of aircraft has triggered a new wave of innovation and reform in the aviation sector. It is considered as an important move to implementing green development in aviation and addressing global environmental challenges. This study examines the research progress of the electric propulsion technology in aviation and reveals the technology gap between China and other countries, clarifying the technology challenges for developing electric aircraft in China. Four key technologies regarding electric propulsion in aviation are identified: long-life and high-energy-density batteries, electric propulsion with high efficiency and a high power-to-weight ratio, integrated management of energy, and aerodynamic configuration with a high lift-to-drag ratio. The industry characteristics and research status of the above technologies are investigated, and their future directions as well as the fundamental technical problems are clarified. Based on a performance evaluation model for electric aircraft, the influence of key technical parameters on the performance of electric aircraft are analyzed; these parameters include energy density of batteries, power-to-weight ratio and efficiency of motors, and lift-to-drag ratio of aircraft. Besides, the practicability of applying full electric propulsion on aircraft for urban air transport, commuter transport, and regional use are evaluated. By cconsidering the current status and future development of key components such as high-energy-density storage batteries and high-performance propulsion systems, China should leverage its technological accumulation in the renewable energy industry and its advanced industrial foundation to establish a strategic plan for the development of electric aircraft oriented at urban air transport, commuter transport, and regional use, gradually extending the application of electric propulsion in civil aviation.
电能航空动力 / 电动航空器 / 电推进 / 绿色航空 / 储能电池
electric propulsion in aviation / electric aircraft / electric propulsion / green aviation / energy storage battery
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