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台风飞机观测工程设计思考
Engineering Design for Aircraft-Based Observations of Typhoons
台风是夏秋季我国东南沿海最主要的致灾天气系统，将飞机作为移动观测平台对台风开展直接空中观测，能获取非常关键的台风环境场及其内核结构信息，有助于提升台风预报预警准确率及防灾减灾成效。本文基于国内外台风飞机观测实践，从飞机选型、保障基地建设、机载探测设备、飞行路线设计、观测数据通信、观测资料应用评估等方面提出了台风飞机观测工程设计的着眼点，并从建立国家级台风飞机观测专业指挥中心、推动有人飞机和无人机相结合的台风飞机观测业务、开展多平台协同的台风飞机观测试验、加大对台风飞机观测工程项目的稳定支持及牵头开展台风飞机观测领域国际大科学计划等角度为建立台风飞机观测工程提出了发展建议。
Typhoon is the most important disaster-causing weather system in the southeast coastal area of China during summer and autumn. Using aircraft as a mobile observation platform for direct observation of typhoons can obtain critical information about typhoons' environmental fields and their core structures, thus improving the accuracy of typhoon forecasts and warnings, as well as the effectiveness of disaster prevention and mitigation. Based on the typhoon observation practices using aircraft in China and abroad, this study proposes key considerations regarding the engineering design for aircraft-based observations of typhoons, encompassing aircraft selection, construction of support bases, airborne detection equipment, flight route planning, observation data transmission, and data application and evaluation. Furthermore, the following suggestions are proposed for establishing typhoon observation operations using aircraft in China: (1) building a professional typhoon observation command center, (2) promoting typhoon observation operations that combine manned aircraft with unmanned aerial vehicles, (3) conducting typhoon observation experiments with multi-platform coordination, (4) increasing stable support for aircraft-based typhoon observation projects, and (5) initiating an international major scientific program in the field of aircraft-based observations of typhoons.
台风 / 飞机观测 / 飞机选型 / 机载仪器 / 飞行路线 / 数据传输 / 资料应用及评估
typhoon / aircraft-based observation / aircraft model selection / airborne instruments / flight route / data transmission / data application and evaluation
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