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深海工程技术在深空探测领域应用前瞻
Prospect on Application of Deep-Sea Engineering Technology in Deep-Space Exploration
随着“三深”（深空、深海、深地）技术研究的不断深入，发现深海工程与深空探测存在诸多技术联系，研究深海工程技术在深空探测领域的应用将有利于助力“三深”技术发展。本文从对比深空与深海环境特征角度出发，揭示了深海工程与深空探测技术在压力、温度适应性方面存在一定相似性，进一步分别从结构安全性、复杂作业技术与装备、无人智能化与载荷小型化、试验场建设等方面展开了前瞻性探索。分析发现，地外空间物理特征的多样性十分突出，部分热点星球的空间环境与深海环境存在较强的相似性，具体体现在压力及腐蚀环境等方面，这使得深海结构物的设计与防腐技术具备向深空探测领域的移植性；同时深空探测对于装备的复杂控制、无人自动化程度需求与深海装备的目标是一致的，具体的装备研制技术具备互换基础；海底火山区以及南极冰下湖存在非常明显的类地外空间特征，面向深空探测具备建立试验场的环境条件，可作为未来深海试验场以及深空探测新型试验技术的研究方向。综上所述，随着深海与深空技术的不断发展，两者之间的技术互换以及跨域应用已经显现出较高的可能性，将深海工程技术充分地应用于深空探测领域，将助力我国深空探测装备更快发展。
With the further development of deep-space, deep-sea, and deep-ground technologies, numerous technical connections are found existing between deep-sea engineering and deep-space exploration and thus it is feasible to apply deep-sea engineering technologies to deep-space exploration. By comparing the environmental characteristics of deep space and deep sea, this study reveals the similarities between deep-sea engineering and deep-space exploration in terms of pressure and temperature adaptability. Then, it explores the prospects on structural safety, complex operation technology and equipment, unmanned intelligence and miniaturization of loads, and construction of test sites. It is found that the physical characteristics of the extraterrestrial space is prominently diversified, and the environment of some hotspot planets is similar to that of the deep sea in terms of pressure and corrosion. Therefore, the structure design and anticorrosion technologies regarding deep-sea engineering can be applied to deep-space exploration. Meanwhile, the requirements for complex control and unmanned automation of deep-space exploration equipment are consistent with those of deep-sea engineering equipment; therefore, the research and development of specific equipment from these two fields are interchangeable. The submarine volcanic areas and the Antarctic subglacial lake (i.e., Lake Vostok) have obvious extraterrestrial space characteristics and can be established as test sites for deep-space exploration, which can be regarded as a research direction for deep-sea test sites and new test technologies for deep-space exploration. To sum up, technology exchange and cross-domain application between the deep-sea and deep-space technologies are highly possible, and the full application of deep-sea engineering technologies to deep-space exploration will help China’s deep-space exploration equipment develop faster.
深海工程 / 深空探测 / 结构安全性 / 作业装备 / 智能化与小型化 / 深海试验场
deep-sea engineering / deep-space exploration / structural safety / operation equipment / intelligence and miniaturization / deep-sea test site
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