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草原人居系统： 内涵特征、构建框架与发展方向
张鹏举, 王志强, 雷振东, 狄彦强, 荣丽华, 贺龙, 李佳, 何苗
中国工程科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1) : 269-280.
PDF(1128 KB)
PDF(1128 KB)
草原人居系统： 内涵特征、构建框架与发展方向
Human Settlement System in Grasslands: Intrinsic Characteristics, Construction Framework, and Development Directions
草原人居环境建设事关国家生态安全、边疆民族地区稳定发展，需要构建人居环境系统，应对草原地区产业与生态平衡、发展与保护协同等方面的挑战。本文提出了草原人居系统概念，支持研究草原地区的人、自然环境、社会经济等因素叠加形成的复杂系统；阐释了草原人居系统的内涵特征与发展现状，分析了草原人居系统建设面临的结构秩序有待重构、空间布局有待改善、适宜设计理论与方法缺乏、适宜低碳技术体系缺失等挑战；构建了涵盖要素提取、层级关联、系统互适3个核心方面的研究框架，提炼形成“三生—适洽”演化理论，倡导“融自然 ‒ 低建造 ‒ 承传统”草原人居营建的新范式。研究建议，推动草原牧区“生态 ‒ 生产 ‒ 生活”空间一体化发展，构建适应草原牧区“自然 ‒ 资源 ‒ 社会”的建筑设计理论与方法，建立适应当地严气候、弱经济、富资源背景的低碳牧区营建技术体系，推动新时期草原人居建设高质量发展。
The construction of human settlements in grasslands is critical for national ecological security and the stable development of ethnic minority areas in border regions. It is necessary to build a human settlement system to address challenges regarding the balance between industry and ecology as well as the coordination between development and protection of grasslands. This study proposes the concept of a human settlement system in grasslands, supporting the study of a complex system formed by factors such as human, nature, and social economy in grassland areas. It expounds on the connotative characteristics and development status of the human settlement system in grasslands and analyzes the challenges faced in constructing the system, including reconstruction of the structural order, improvement in spatial layout, creation of appropriate design theories and methods, and establishment of an appropriate low-carbon technology system. Moreover, the study establishes a research framework covering three core aspects, namely element extraction, hierarchical association, and system adaptation, and creates an evolution theory where production, life, and ecology coordinate in the dimensions of integrality and adaptability. Additionally, it advocates a new paradigm of human settlement construction in grasslands that features integration with nature, low-intensity construction, and inheritance of tradition. Furthermore, the study suggests promoting the integrated development of ecological, production, and living spaces in grassland pastoral areas, creating architectural design theories and methods that adapt to the nature, resources, and society in grassland pastoral areas, and establishing a low-carbon pastoral area construction technology system that adapts to the harsh local climate, weak economy, and rich resources of the area, thereby promoting the high-quality development of human settlements in grasslands in the new era.
草原人居系统 / 导控要素 / 层级结构 / “三生”空间 / 人居环境 / 生态空间
grassland human settlement system / guiding and controlling elements / hierarchical structure / production, living, and ecological spaces / human settlement / ecological spaces
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