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我国大气环境问题系统治理的构思
Systematic Governance of Atmospheric Environmental Issues in China
近年来，我国绿色发展势头良好，以细颗粒物（PM2.5）年均浓度持续下降、重度及以上污染天数不断减少为标志的大气污染防治成效突出；然而大气污染防治的结构性、根源性压力依然存在，如PM2.5二次成分占比上升、O3浓度维持高位振荡态势，表明我国大气环境治理仍面临严峻挑战，亟需统筹应对多目标协同、多污染物协同控制、履行国际环境公约等压力。本文剖析了我国大气环境治理的基本形势，辨识出大气环境系统治理的理论创新不足、释放碳污治理协同增效潜力成为亟需、大气环境多尺度一体化治理策略有待构建等面临的突出挑战；进一步阐释了区域 ‒ 全球大气环境问题之间的相互作用，跨圈层多污染物、多介质过程的相互作用机制等大气环境问题的内在关联，提炼出由大气氧化性的基础理论与应用、大气环境系统治理的创新技术链构成的大气环境问题系统治理关键体系。建议开展国家大气环境系统治理的顶层设计、启动大气环境系统治理的科技创新项目、构建大气环境系统治理的管理机制、部署大气环境系统治理的行动计划，以科学推动我国大气环境问题系统治理，逐步增强大气环境人群健康与生态风险管控能力。
In recent years, China has demonstrated significant green development, with remarkable achievements in air pollution control evidenced by the sustained decline in annual average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration and continuous reduction of heavy pollution days. However, the structural and essential stress on air quality improvement remains prominent, as manifested by the increasing proportion of secondary components in PM2.5 and the high-level fluctuations of ozone concentration, indicating that severe challenges remain in atmospheric environment governance in China and highlighting the urgent need to address multiple pressures, including multi-objective synergy, multi-pollutant collaborative control, and compliance with international environmental conventions. This study analyzes the current status of atmospheric environment governance in China, identifying prominent challenges including insufficient theoretical innovation in systematic atmospheric environment governance, urgent needs to harness the potential of synergistic effects from carbon-pollution co-governance, and the requirement for formulating multi-scale-integrated air-quality management strategies. Furthermore, it elucidates the intrinsic relationships among atmospheric environmental issues, particularly the interactions between regional and global atmospheric problems as well as the cross-sphere mechanisms of multi-pollutant, multi-media processes. A critical framework of systematic atmospheric environment governance is proposed, comprising fundamental theories and applications of atmospheric oxidation capacity, along with innovative technological chains of systematic environmental management. Strategic recommendations are outlined, including implementing top-level design for systematic governance, initiating scientific innovation programs for holistic pollution control, establishing coordinated management mechanisms, and deploying action plans. These measures aim to advance systematic air-quality management in China and enhance health risk prevention and ecological risk control capabilities in atmospheric environment governance.
大气环境 / 系统治理 / 大气氧化性 / 气候变化 / 跨圈层、多介质过程 / 国际环境公约
atmospheric environment / systematic governance / atmospheric oxidation capacity / climate change / cross-sphere multi-media processes / international environmental conventions
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