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我国海洋塑料垃圾污染阻控与治理研究进展
Advances in the Prevention and Management of Marine Plastic Waste Pollution in China
近年来，全球海洋塑料垃圾污染趋于严重，对海洋生态系统和人体健康构成威胁，成为备受关注的紧迫性环境问题之一。我国是沿海大国，海洋塑料垃圾污染阻控与治理是国家海洋生态安全的重要组成部分。本文系统梳理了我国海洋塑料垃圾的主要来源、入海迁移特征和污染阻控现状，分析了在塑料“生产 ‒ 排放 ‒ 处置 ‒ 回收”全链条路径中面临的环境泄漏、排海通量核算与关键驱动因子识别等主要问题，总结了我国海洋塑料垃圾在监测识别、拦截清理、处理处置模式上的不足以及陆海统筹治理面临的主要挑战，进一步探究了新型海洋塑料垃圾的治理模式，包括塑料垃圾源头减量、生物可降解产品替代、多责任主体协同参与、人工智能技术赋能等。研究建议，厘清海洋塑料垃圾全链条关键治理节点、突破智慧监管与资源化利用核心技术、建立跨部门协作管理机制，加强我国海洋塑料垃圾污染的陆海统筹治理能力，以期推动海洋环境的可持续发展，助力我国海洋生态文明建设。
In recent years, global marine plastic waste pollution has become increasingly severe, posing a serious threat to marine ecosystems and human health, and it has become one of the urgent environmental issues of great concern. In China, a large coastal country, the prevention and management of marine plastic waste pollution is crucial for ensuring national marine ecological security. This study sorts out the main sources of marine plastic wastes in China, the migration characteristics of these wastes into the sea, and the current status of pollution prevention and control. It analyzes the major problems regarding environmental leakage, plastic outflow accounting, and key driving factor identification in the production, discharge, disposal, and recycling of plastics. Moreover, the study identifies the deficiencies in the monitoring, identification, interception, and disposal modes of marine plastic wastes in China, as well as the major challenges faced in the land‒sea integrated management, and further explores new types of marine plastic waste management modes, including plastic waste reduction at source, biodegradable product substitution, synergistic participation of multiple subjects of liability, and empowerment by artificial intelligence. Furthermore, the study suggests clarifying the key nodes for marine plastic waste governance, developing core technologies of intelligent regulation and resource utilization, and establishing a cross-sectoral collaborative management mechanism, thus to strengthen China's land‒sea integrated governance capacity in marine plastic waste pollution control, with a view to promoting the sustainable development of the marine environment and assisting in the construction of China's marine ecological civilization.
海洋塑料垃圾 / 环境泄漏 / 排海通量 / 治理模式 / 驱动因子
marine plastic waste / environmental leakage / plastic outflow / governance models / driving factor
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