在碳中和背景下，氢能成为各国政府积极推动的清洁能源革命战略的核心组分，分析氢能产业的实践布局与供应链流程，对于我国氢能的产业化、商业化与创新化发展具有重要的现实价值。基于供应链研究方法，本文旨在系统解构当前国际氢能产业的阶段性布局及供应链发展趋势；通过梳理氢能产业上、中、下游的供应链发展突破点，详细剖析氢能产业供应链的布局与现状，并提出对应的优化路径和对策建议。研究表明，氢能产业供应链的发展倾向呈现出“发展→完善→拓展”的实际诉求，路径优化表现为“技术协调→基础布局→路径拓展”的客观递进。建议构建以“制 ‒ 储 ‒ 运”为核心的长江氢能走廊基础设施体系，建设涵盖“制、运、输、配”的国家氢能枢纽中心，优化我国氢能供应链体系和氢能产业创新，加强绿色氢能生产的科技创新，并积极融入全球氢能产业创新前沿。

In the context of carbon neutrality, hydrogen energy has become a cornerstone of the clean energy transition actively promoted by governments worldwide. Analyzing the industrial deployment and supply chain dynamics of the hydrogen energy sector holds substantial values for advancing its industrialization, commercialization, and innovation in China. Drawing on supply chain research methodologies, this study systematically deconstructs the phased development and evolving trends of the global hydrogen energy industry. By identifying key breakthroughs across the upstream, midstream, and downstream segments of the hydrogen supply chain, the study comprehensively analyzes the current structure and operational landscape of the hydrogen supply chain while proposing targeted optimization strategies and policy recommendations. The findings indicate that the development trajectory of the hydrogen energy supply chain follows a progressive pattern of "development→optimization→expansion," with its evolution driven by a sequential pathway of "technological integration→infrastructure development→market expansion." To accelerate China's hydrogen energy transition, this study recommends establishing a Yangtze River Hydrogen Energy Corridor infrastructure system centered on production, storage, and transportation; developing national hydrogen energy hubs that encompass production, transportation, distribution, and supply; optimizing the hydrogen supply chain and fostering industrial innovation; strengthening technological advancements in green hydrogen production; and actively participating in global hydrogen energy innovation.