新型电力系统的安全风险、关键问题与应对策略
Security Risks, Key Issues, and Response Strategies of New-Type Power System
新型电力系统呈现出高比例可再生能源、高比例电力电子设备的特征,需要结合能源安全视角,系统识别新型电力系统在技术演进、结构转型、市场机制等维度面临的关键问题并提出可操作的应对策略。本文在把握电力系统发展现状的基础上,从电力供应、电力运行、电力基础设施、产业链供应链、极端情景五个方面出发,全面剖析了新型电力系统伴生的安全风险;提出了以电力保供与恢复、灵活互济、综合防御为核心的电力安全支撑体系,凝练了极端事件下电力保供与恢复、高比例新能源电力系统的安全可靠运行等电力保供与恢复体系相关问题,海 ‒ 陆新能源发展下大电网形态、新型电力系统灵活性资源、新能源入市与全国统一电力市场等电力灵活互济体系相关问题,分布式资源聚合下数字化安全防护、应对强不确定性的电力自适应安全防御、能源系统耦合下跨能源跨领域安全防御等综合防御体系相关问题。从增强电力保供与恢复能力、加强电力灵活互济、筑牢电力系统综合防御体系等角度提出了未来新型电力系统的发展思路,以助力电力系统安全、稳定、高质量转型,并为能源安全与绿色低碳转型提供有效支撑。
The new-type power system exhibits the characteristics of high proportions of renewable energy and power electronic equipment. From the perspective of energy security, it is necessary to identify the key issues faced by the new-type power system in terms of technological evolution, structural transformation, and market mechanisms, and propose actionable response strategies. Considering the development status of current power systems, this study analyzes the safety risks associated with new-type power systems from five aspects: power supply, power operation, power infrastructure, industrial chain, and extreme scenarios. A power security support system focusing on power supply guarantee and restoration, flexible mutual assistance, and comprehensive defense is proposed. Specifically, the study summarizes the issues related to power supply guarantee and recovery under extreme events as well as the reliable operation of power systems with a high proportion of renewable energy. In terms of flexible mutual assistance, related issues include the configuration of a large power grid amidst the development of marine‒land renewable energy, flexible resources for new-type power systems, entry of renewable energy into the market, and establishment of a national unified power market. Regarding comprehensive defense, related issues involve digital security protection in the context of distributed resource aggregation, adaptive security defense against strong uncertainties, and cross-energy, cross-domain security defense under energy system coupling. Furthermore, development ideas for future new-type power systems are proposed from the perspectives of enhancing power supply and restoration capabilities, strengthening flexible mutual assistance in power supply, and establishing a comprehensive defense system. These efforts aim to facilitate the safe, stable, and high-quality transformation of the power system, and provide effective support for energy security and the transition to a green, low-carbon energy system.
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中国工程院咨询项目“我国能源安全战略研究”(2022-JB-05)
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