针对辊式矫直机常规理论计算方法的缺陷及矫直力实测中难于直接测量辊系中所有辊子矫直力的困难，通过对国内首台巨型1 300矫直机矫直力的工程测试和上排辊矫直力的波形分析，按压力阶梯（矫直力分量）剖析了矫直力和矫直过程，揭示了超静定矫直力系的建立过程和各辊矫直力之间的力学关系，拟定了矫直力系和矫直力分量的分割单元测量原理和总体便捷的工程测试方法，给出了以矫直力矩和压力阶梯表示的矫直力通式及其工程算法，并提供了计算工-56及轨-50矫直力的诺模图。这种确定矫直力的原理和方法，可供各种重型辊式矫直机工程应用。

As against the defects of the conventional calculating method for the straightening forces of the roller type straightening mills and the difficulty of straightening forces monitoring of all rollers directly, this paper, through the straightening forces engineering monitoring of the heavy rail-beam straightening mill 1300 (the first and biggest set in China) and straightening forces waveform analysis of top rollers, analyzed straightening forces and straightening process by way of pressure steps (straightening forces component). The built-up process of the indeterminate straightening forces system and the relations among straightening force of every roller was revealed. The division unit measurement theory of straightening forces system and straightening force componentit was discribed and the altogether convenient engineering monitor measurement method was introduced. The general straightening force equation and its engineering computation was given. The straightening force nomogram of H-beam 56 and rail 50 was provided.The above-mentioned theory and methods of straightening forces may be used for heavy roller type straightening mills.