静电放电已成为信息化时代的公害之一，它不仅是危险场所的点火源、引爆源，而且是信息化设备的电磁干扰源。文章在论述静电放电危害、静电放电的特点、作用机理和形成静电危害基本条件的同时，报道了我国在静电检测与静电防护工程研究方面的成果与进展，提出了“信号自屏蔽-电荷耦合”测试原理、真实静电感度测试方法、织物电位测试方法和人体静电动态电位测试技术，建立了电火工品静电发火数理模型、“静电危险场所”等级划分标准和分类防护措施、预测静电危害的逻辑关系图和静电防护的一般原则与对策。文章介绍了部分实验数据和该领域当前研究的热点问题及发展趋势。

ESD has become one of the common hazards in information times. It is not only the ignition or detonation source at hazardous area, but also the EMI source for information equipment. In this paper, ESD hazards and its characteristics, effect mechanism and basic conditions to form electrostatic hazards are described. The success and development in electrostatic protection engineering in China are introduced. The test principle of “signal self-shielding and charge coupling”, test method of the real electrostatic sensitivity and friction potential decay of fabric, test technique of electrostatic dynamic potential on human body, etc. , are presented. And the classification standard and protection measures at electrostatic hazardous area, the logical configuration to forecast electrostatic hazards and the general principle and measures to be taken for electrostatic protection have been built up. Part of the experimental data is provided in this paper, and the current problems and development trends are introduced.