从提高交通运输速度是社会发展的需要及我国客流的特点出发，论述了中国需要高速铁路；从京沪沿线地区社会经济发展的需要、铁路扩能的最佳方案以及修建京沪高速铁路的战略意义等方面，论证了修建京沪高速铁路是正确的战略抉择；简述了我国修建京沪高速铁路的技术储备和技术路线；介绍了京沪高速铁路的预测运量、可能采取的主要技术方案及社会经济效益；对修建京沪高速铁路提出了具体建议。

From the viewpoint of the characteristics of passenger flow in China and that increasing the speed of transportation is essential to the social development, this article described that China needs high speed railway. The construction of Beijing—Shanghai high speed railway is a correct strategy choice in several aspects, such as the demand of socio-economic development of the related regions zones of optimal alternative of capacity enhancement of railways, and so on. The paper has also made a brief of the technical reservation and technical line of the construction of Beijing—Shanghai high speed railway, and given an account of forecasted demand, possible main technical alternatives and socio-economic benefits. Specific proposals have been raised for the construction of Beijing—Shanghai high speed railway, as well.