过去30年里，生物材料的研究取得了显著成就，但从临床效果看，其与宿主相互作用亟待改善；哪怕是有些应用于长期埋植体内的替代物，常被机体视为异物，从而启迪人们不要仅着眼于从材料的物化性能方面构思生物材料。文章从蛋白质、糖类和脱氧核糖核酸与材料的关系出发，以细胞作为仿生生物材料的蓝本，从分子和细胞水平讨论了生物特异性材料设计，人工细胞外基质的仿生化途径以及通过材料对细胞编程凋亡的调控等方面的研究思路；试图从生命科学的广度和柔性出发，提出在不同层次和水平上进行仿生，从事生物材料设计，解决生物材料与生物体复杂接口问题，使生物材料向智能化和环境友好化发展。

The research on biomaterials has gotten achievements during the past 30 years. However, few kinds of them are well accepted clinically. Even those implanted in vivo for long time are considered to be exotic things by bodies. It prompts people to design biomaterials through biomimetic approaches. This paper overviews the design of artificial extracellular matrixes and the control of apoptosis based on the interaction between biomaterials and protein, saccharide and DNA. In view of the broadness and flexibility life science, it is recommended to design the biomaterials on cellular and molecular levels to enhance the affinity of biomaterials and host, and to promote the development of intelligent and environment-friendshiply biomaterials.