文章对世界的猪育种过程特别是中国的瘦肉猪育种，从猪种资源调査到优良猪种引进与新品种选育，专门化品系选育与配套利用，种猪测定等方面进行了回顾，就分子生物技术在猪遗传育种中的应用及取得的成果作了简要概述。展望了21世纪瘦肉猪育种的目标，并就新品种培育、猪种资源保存、完善种猪测定体系和加速分子生物技术在猪育种中的应用提出了建议。

In this paper, swine breeding process in the world, especially in China was summarized, including the investigation of native breed resources, importing excellent foreign breeds, selection of new breeds and special lines, cross utilization of special lines, breeding swine testing , etc. The application and achievements of molecular genetics and biotechnology in swine breeding were briefly introduced. The goals of swine breeding in 21st century were discussed, and some suggestion on selection and breeding of new breeds, preservation of swine genetic resources, breeding swine testing system and application of molecular genetics and biotechnology in swine breeding were presented.