从资源、成本、能源安全、粮食安全和环境效益等方面对用粮食制取乙醇作为车用燃料作了分析，指出这种措施可以是一种消化陈粮的短期做法，但不能作为我国解决液体燃料短缺的长期战略措施，因为我国的具体情况和美国及巴西有很大的不同。此外，按照美国的经验，掺入乙醇作为车用燃料需要有政府的大量补贴，从长期角度看也是有问题的。对我国用酶水解方法由秸秆制造燃料用酒精也作了初步评估。最后从可持续发展的角度，对缓解我国大量进口石油的压力、提高能源安全的战略措施提出了意见。

Recently, there are quite a lot of discussions and proposals concerning the utilization of gasoline-ethanol mixture as fuel for automobiles. This paper analyzes the benefits and problems of this kind of use from the point of view of resources, cost, energy security, grain security and environment. The conclusion remarks are: utilization of corn-produced ethanol as fuel for cars could be one the measures for“digesting” the stale grain, but should not be the long term strategic solution to the liquid fuel shortage problem. This is because the concrete situation in China is different from USA and Brazil. Besides, according to the experience in USA, utilization of gasoline - ethanol mixture needs strong government subsidies, it is not reasonable form long term point of view. A preliminary assessment related to production of ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose materials is also presented in this paper. Finally, in order to mitigate the pressure of increasingly import of oil and ensure energy security in China, some strategic measures derived for sustainable development are proposed.