进入21世纪的新时代，带来与思维相关的两个特征：创新与共融。关于创新，如何激发创造性思维？成为热门的话题。从唯物辩证法的哲学的认识论和真理的相对性的高度来探索，发现任何一种思维形式（包括演绎法思维和定势-习惯思维）都具有两重性，即非创造性与创造性并存，在一定条件下，非创造性思维可以转化或激发为创造性思维，产生新知识，获得创新成果。关于共融，如何进行思维的界定和分类，有许多种说法。笔者把心理学与生理学的成果融合起来，形成两大类，即左半脑主导的理性思维和右半脑主导的悟性思维。其基本的思维形式的分类与思维的大类结合，成为两大类7种。把辩证法和共融结合，得到下列结论：理性思维与感性思维的统一，原有知识与新知识的统一，设想与验证的统一，发现与发明的统一，科学（真感）与艺术（美感）的统一。对最后一个结论，笔者以工业产品造型设计原理的探索为例加以说明。此原理在工业设计上属首次推出。

Entering the era of 21st century, there are two characteristics bearing on thinkinginnovation and comprehension. As to innovation, how to exite creative-thinking is a warm problem. From the high level of philosophy—epistemology and relative-truth of materialist-dialectics, this paper shows that there is the duality of every form of thinking including the thinking of deduction and that of socalled fixed-accustoming. There is an existence of both non-creative thinking and creative thinking and under certain conditions non-creative thinking may be turn into creative thinking which can make new knowledge and innovative achievements. As to comprehension, there are many different opinions on how to define and classify thinkings. By combining physiology and psychology, this paper divides thinkings into 2 parts and 7 basic forms. Connecting dialectics with comprehension, the conclusions of this paper are shown： the duality of non-creative thinking and creative thinking, the duality of reasoning thinking and understanding thinking, the duality of original knowledge and new knowledge, the duality of idea and test-verification, the duality of discovery and invention, the duality of science (sense of truth ) and art (sense of beauty ). The last conclusion is expressed as an example of seeking the theory of a cross-course —industrial design, the main contents of which are technology, art and market. This theory of ID is the first advance in ID.