长江三峡工程是当今世界特大型多目标的水利枢纽工程，规模宏大，工程技术问题难度很大。经过近70年的规划、论证、决策以及10年的工程建设实践，工程建设取得了重大进展，论证和决策的结论基本准确，有些问题如泥沙问题、环境问题和移民问题尚待在以后的运行中经受考验。文章论述了三峡工程的科学决策及实践。

China Yangtze Three Gorges Project is a particularly giant hydro-development project in the world with enormous scale and complex technology. Coming through seventy years project planning, verifying and decision-making, this ten years construction practice has demonstrated that not only great progresses have been made within project implementation stage, but also most of conclusions from the verifications and decision-making stage are correct. Some problems like sedimentation, environment and resettlement is still waiting to be tested in the actual operation of the project. This paper provides a brief introduction to the decision-making and practice of the Three Gorges Project.