管理体制是影响流域水质保护、水防治污染的一个关键问题。文章从三峡库区及其上游流域水质保护与经济社会协调发展的战略高度，阐述了流域管理的基本特点和基本内涵，分析了三峡库区及其上游水质保护管理体制的现状和存在的主要问题，比较了国家相关部门目前提出的流域水质保护管理体制改革的主要观点和方案，在此基础上提出了基于流域协调发展的水质保护管理体制的构建设想。

Management system is a key factor on water quality protection and water pollution prevention in the drainage area. This paper elaborates the basic characteristic and connotation of drainage area management, analyzes the status quo and main problems of the existing management system of water quality protection in the Three Gorges Reservoir and its upstream areas, and compares the primary viewpoints and schemes of relevant government department on the reform of the management system. Then, it brings forward the structuring and tentative idea of water quality protection management system based on the conception of harmonious development of drainage area.