核辐射技术在材料科学领域得到了广泛的应用，利用辐射技术对无机材料、高分子材料进行改性和加工已成为一支新兴的高技术产业。综述了辐射技术在材料的改性和加工领域的应用研究进展，并详细介绍该单位在采用反应堆辐照技术研制碳化硅（SiC）陶瓷纤维、辐射交联法制备三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）密封材料、辐射接枝合成偕胺肟型螯合树脂等方面开展的工作。

Radiation techniques are widely applied in the field of materials science. Modification and processing of inorganic and polymeric materials using radiation techniques have become a rising high-tech industry. Application progress of radiation techniques in the field of materials modification and processing is summarized, and the research efforts the authors' institute made in such aspects, as synthesis of silicon carbide ceramic fibers by irradiating in a nuclear reactor, preparation of ethylene propylene diene terpolymer sealing materials by radiation crosslinking and synthesis of amidoxime chelating resin by radiation grafting are introduced in detail.