叙述了采用核技术方法探查隐藏爆炸物和放射性材料的优越性及其特点，重点介绍了8类主动式中子质询技术，对它们探查爆炸物的适用范围进行了剖析，对采用伽玛法的非中子质询技术作了一般性讨论。概括了各类已商用化工业中子源和伽玛射线探测器，论述了它们应用于安检系统的长处和不足。分析了两类典型的隐藏爆炸物安检问题，指出一个理想的爆炸物探查系统应具备的11项特性。介绍了国际上最受重视的伴随粒子成像和脉冲快中子系统的研制进展。简要描述了有别于主动式探查爆炸物的被动式放射性材料探查方法。指出隐藏爆炸物品和放射性物质的检查没有一种方法是万能的，不同场合不同目标需要用不同的技术或联合使用几种技术。

The advantages and characteristics of detection of hidden explosives and radioactive materials by nuclear technologies are explained in this paper. The active neutron interrogation technology and their application to detection of explosives are introduced in detail. The non-neutron interrogation technology by gamma method, the commercialized industry neutron sources and gamma ray detectors and their advantages and disadvantages respectively in security application are summarized respectively. The security problem of two typical hidden explosives are discussed with 11 characteristics of a perfect detecting system of explosives. The current research progress in association with particle imaging and fast-pulse neutron system and the passive method to detection of radioactive materials are briefly described. Finally, the paper points out that for detection of hidden explosives and radioactive materials it is necessary to use different technologies for different scenes and targets or use combined technologies.