文章简要介绍了我国核农学在诱变育种、核素示踪技术应用、食品辐照和辐射不育技术防治害虫等方面的研究成果和目前存在的主要问题，以及解决问题途径的思考与建议。文章认为我国的核农学正处在能否继续深入发展的关键时期，迫切需要通过加强学术创新和机制创新来提升我国核农学的发展速度与研究水平。文章强调我国核农学开展学术创新的重点应该是加强基础研究与应用基础研究，而支撑这个创新的关键点在于管理机制的创新。

The development status and existing problems in the field of nuclear agricultural sciences (NAS) are reviewed .Including the application of nuclear technology in mutation breeding by irradiation, isotopic technique application, food irradiation and sterile insect technique, etc. China has made great achievements in the research and application of nuclear technique in agriculture from 1950s to 1990s. Due to lack of enough financial support to the basic research and reformation of science & research system in China, the development of NAS now meets its tough time. Through analyzing the difference and reasons of NAS development between China and the USA, it is recognized that the innovation in research and scientific system is important for promoting the development speed and research level of NAS.