微波探测仪是嫦娥1号卫星有效载荷之一，主要用于测量不同深度的月壤微波辐射亮温，进而反演月壤厚度的信息并对月球的³He资源量和分布进行评估。这是国际上第一次利用被动微波遥感探测器在月球轨道直接测量月表亮温信息。因此，对月壤辐射传输模型的研究是及其必要的。文章分析了月球微波探测的机理和存在的问题，并给出了初步解决途径。

China has launched the first lunar satellite CE-1 on Oct. 24, 2007. A microwave sounder, named Chang'E Lunar microwave sounder (CELMS) was used to detect regolith information of the lunar surface. It is the first time that humankind directly applies sensed brightness temperature to investigate the lunar surface information by passive microwave sensor on lunar orbit. Therefore, it is necessary to set up theoretical models to describe lunar surface microwave transfer process, as well as heat conduction. These models will finally used for retrieving lunar surface information on regolith depths. In this paper, we generally describe the theory on lunar regolith microwave radiative transfer, analyse the factors influencing brightness temperature received by CELMS, including temperature profiles of the surface lunar layer, dielectric permittivity distribution, underlying rock reflectivity, as well as other thermal properties of the regolith. A primary solution on simulating lunar brightness temperature is given on basic knowledge of lunar surface, mostly derived from Apollo and Luna program. The further studies on lunar surface information reversion have been conducting by applying CELMS data and other information related.