中国石油和天然气资源贫乏，进口依存度超过50 %，煤炭的储产比也降到了50以下。中国能源消费结构中煤炭占到七成，CO₂排放超过美国。能源转型是当今世界，也是中国发展的大趋势。能源转型的方向是清洁能源，发展清洁能源的重点是可再生能源。中国清洁能源资源具有替代现能源消费总量七成以上的潜力；可再生能源中的小水电、风能和生物质能的可经济利用资源量分别是0.63亿吨，1.23亿吨和10.47亿吨（标煤）。中国生物质原料资源最丰富，而且可以立竿见影地增加农民收入，促进农村经济发展，是发展可再生能源和能源转型的战略重点。

China is endowed with inadequate resources of oil and natural gas, and depends its 50 % of energy demand upon import. Also the quantitative ratio of reservation vs. production has already declined below 50. Among the total energy consumption, coal accounts 70 % in China, and the amount of CO₂ emission has been more than the US. Nowadays, energy transition is a worldwide trend, including China. Its major direction is developing clean energy, and taking renewable energy as a focus point. China has a potential of substituting 70 % of present energy consumption, including small hydropower, wind energy and biomass energy. These resources that are economically available are 63 million tce, 123 million tce and 1.047 billion tce separately. Biomass resource is the richest in China, and it can be served to increase farmers' income immediately, promote rural economy, thus it should be regarded as the foremost area of tapping renewable energy and energy transition.