针对目前对地理信息系统（ GIS）的发展缺乏系统、规律性研究的问题，分析了地理信息系统产生和发 展的社会前景、技术背景和学科背景；探讨了随着计算机通信网络技术的发展而引起的GIS体系结构和软件 开发模式的变化，认为开放式GIS思想和组件式GIS更适合网络（网格）环境下数据服务和功能的服务分布式 特点；提出GIS将向以网络服务（ Web service）和网格服务（ Grid service）为主要形式的开放式GIS方向发展，论 述了基于网络服务的地理信息共享与数据互操作的基本架构及其特点，指出Grid service为实现信息资源共享 和协同解决问题提供了新的机遇和技术途径，强调Web service和Grid service的核心都是服务，两者既相互联 系又有区别。

According to the problems of lacking of systematic and regul ar research in the development of GIS , this paper analyzed the social background , technology background and subject background in which GIS was produced and developed and explored changes of GIS architecture and software development model caused by the development of computer communication Web technology . It considered that the idea of Open GIS and Com GIS , which were distributed , was more fit for both data service and functional service under Web( Grid) environment , and put forward that GIS was developing into Open GIS based on Web services and Grid services . It also discussed the basic architecture and characteristics of sharing geographic information and data interaction based on Web services . At last , it proposed that Grid services provided a new opportunity and a new technology way to share geographic information and solve problems together , and underlined that the core of Web services and Grid services was services that both related and differentiated to each other .