对目前国内外应用较多的三类底泥污染控制技术，即环保疏浚技术、原位覆盖技术、原位钝化技术的技术特点、关键技术内容、可能产生的主要环境问题及其应用现状进行了详细分析。在各项技术的优缺点、费用效益比较的基础上，提出环保疏浚技术适用于大面积重污染湖区或河口底泥污染的控制，原位覆盖技术适用于中深水湖泊、海域或河流底泥污染的控制，原位钝化技术适合于风浪扰动不大、非饮用水源地功能湖泊底泥污染的控制。并对三项技术在我国湖泊底泥污染控制领域的应用前景进行了展望。

This article intends to give a systematic review of three sediment pollution control techniques, that is environmental dredging technology, in-situ capping technology, and in-situ inactivation technology, which have been applied successfully in many cases home and abroad. Through a detailed summary, the three techniques have been clearly displayed about the characteristics, main technical processes, primary environment problems during construction and application status, etc. On comparision of advantages and disadvantages of the three techniques, environmental dredging technology is recommended to apply to economy relatively advanced area with heavily sediment polluted lake bay or river mouth. In-situ capping technology is applicable for moderate-deep lakes and rivers, while in-situ inactivation technology is applicable for non-drinking function lakes with weak wave disturbance. The application foreground of the three techniques in sediment pollution control in Chinese lakes is also prospected.