分析了能源消费和经济发展的规律，可再生能源的特点、大量开发利用存在的技术瓶颈和减排二氧化碳的效果，认为我国能源消费总量正处在持续增长期，未来40年内可再生能源不可能成为我国的主要能源，化石能源仍将是我国能源的主体，提出减排二氧化碳、发展低碳经济，要首先重视节约使用化石能源。归纳了我国化石能源开发利用取得的成就和存在的问题，提出了节约使用化石能源的对策，一是确定比较合理的GDP增长速度，建立化石能源消费总量控制指标体系；二是建立化石能源加工利用过程全寿命周期能效及二氧化碳排放的评价方法，通过不断优化提高化石能源利用效率；三是从我国化石能源资源状况出发，研究建立符合国情的低碳现代化生活消费模式；四是充分利用财政税收政策和行政手段鼓励和强制节能；五是加强节约使用化石能源的技术、材料、产品的研究开发和推广应用；六是加大资金投入，实现化石能源的优化利用和节约使用。

This article presents the analysis on the law of energy consumption and economic development, the features of renewable energies, the current technical availability and the effectiveness of CO₂ emission reduction. The author believes that the total energy consumption is experiencing a stage of continuous growth in China, and the renewable energies will not play a major part in the energy mix in the coming forty years. The fossil energy will continue to play a major role in China. To use the fossil energy efficiently shall become a top priority in the course of CO₂ emission reduction and low-carbon economy development. The article reviews the achievements and existing problems of the fossil energy use and development in China, and provides the countermeasures to efficiently use the fossil energy as follows: firstly, to have a reasonable GDP growth rate and establish the supervision index system of the total consumption of fossil energy; secondly, to establish the assessment and evaluation method on the energy efficiency of the fossil energy use on a life-cycle basis and the CO₂ emission, to improve the fossil energy use efficiency through continuously optimizing the methods; thirdly, to explore and create a modern low-carbon life and consumption mode in line with Chinese context in view of the status quo of the fossil energy resources in China; fourthly, to encourage and coerce energy saving by fully leveraging the fiscal and tax policy and the administrative measures; fifthly, to enhance the research & development, and the roll-out application of the technology, material and products with which the fossil energy can be used efficiently; sixthly, to enhance the capital input in order to realize the optimized and efficient use of the fossil energy.