文章分析了用生物燃料替代石油以实现控制全球气候变化、减少石油消耗和环境污染、创造就业机会，实现社会经济的可持续发展的重要性；介绍了国内外生物燃料产业发展历程和趋势，以及在汽车燃料和航空燃料领域的应用现状，提出了我国当前发展生物燃料的战略和对策。

As modern transport has provided facilities to people's lives, it has triggered significant air pollution and oil depletion in the meanwhile. For the purpose of a sustainable social-economic development, biofuel is the most viable alternative to oil, as well as the best option. This paper summarizes research and practice development process of biofuel, with a focus on the application as motor fuel and aviation fuel. Also, proposed strategies and their significance about biofuel development in China are also presented in this study.