中国沉积盆地内主要发育石炭—二叠系、侏罗—白垩系和古近—新近系3套火山岩，火山岩大面积分布，烃源岩与火山岩伴生，形成良好的生储盖组合。东部盆地以中酸性岩为主，主要发育原生型火山岩储层；西部盆地以中基性岩为主，主要发育风化壳型储层，火山岩风化壳储层物性好于原生型储层物性，各种岩性、岩相均能形成有效储层。东部盆地主要发育岩性、断层—岩性油气藏；西部盆地主要发育地层型、构造—地层型、构造—岩性—地层复合型油气藏。松辽盆地深层持续沉降型断陷控制天然气区域分布，生烃断槽控制断陷内天然气分布，近邻生烃断槽的断裂构造带是天然气富集区带，优质火山岩储层控制天然气富集；新疆北部石炭系残留生烃凹陷控制油气平面分布，风化壳规模控制油气富集程度和规模，风化壳地层型有效圈闭控制油气成藏，正向构造背景控制油气运聚。指出中国火山岩有利勘探面积36万km²，预测火山岩中总资源量60亿t油当量以上，勘探潜力大。

There are mainly 3 sets of volcanic rocks in sedimentary basins of China: the strata of Carboniferous-Permian, the strata of Jurassic-Cretaceous and the strata of Palaeogene-Neogene. Volcanic rocks distributed widely and developed associated with hydrocarbon source rocks form good combination of source-reservoir-cap assemblage. In the eastern basins of China, intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks and primary type reservoir are mainly developed. In the western basins of China, mid-mafic volcanic rocks and weathering crust type reservoir are often developed. Almost all of the lithology and lithofacies of volcanic rocks can form effective reservoir. And the reservoir characteristic of weathering crust type is better than that of primary type. Lithological reservoir and fault-lithological reservoir are often developed in the eastern basins of China. Stratum reservoir, structure-stratum reservoir and structure-lithological-stratum combined reservoir are often developed in the western basins of China. In Songliao Basin, deep continued settlement faults control the distribution of gas regional; hydrocarbon generation faults trough controls the gas distribution in the fault depression; fault structure regions near the hydrocarbon generation faults trough are the gas enriched accumulation region, and high-quality volcanic reservoir controls gas accumulation. In the north part of Xinjiang area, the Carboniferous residual hydrocarbon-generation sags control area distribution of oil and gas; weathering crust scale controls the hydrocarbon accumulating scale and degree; the type of weathering crust-stratum traps could control reservoir forming effectively; the positive tectonic background controls oil and gas migration and accumulation. This paper points out that the area of volcanic rocks for exploration is 3.6×105 km² in China, and the predicted equivalent reserve in volcanic rocks is above 6×109 t.