首先概括极端天气气候事件以及“气候极值”的相关定义，并把极端事件分为单要素的极端事件、与天气现象有关的极端事件、多要素极端事件和极端气候事件。在此基础上，总结上述几类极端事件在气候变暖背景下的变化趋势及影响。指出气候变暖背景下我国长江中下游区域强降水事件更趋频繁，我国东部地区高温热浪天气更为明显；东北华北地区干旱趋势增加，尤其在20世纪末期和21世纪初期最为明显；近10年来西南地区干旱频繁发生。为减轻日益增加的重大气象灾害的损失，我国有必要加强高影响极端事件的监测、预警能力建设，同时还必须根据极端天气气候事件变化规律加强工程性防御措施，以防范和应对强降水引发的洪涝灾害和城市渍涝，以及与降水持续不足有关的重大干旱和高温热浪等气象灾害。

The definitions of extreme weather/climate events and "climate extreme" are discussed in the paper. On the basis of classifying the extreme events into four categories (namely extremes caused by variations in a single variable, events related to weather phenomena,compound events and climate extremes), the related extreme indices as well as their trends and corresponding impacts under the background of global warming are summarized. The results showed that intense precipitation events over mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River tend to be more frequent. Heat waves in eastern China are stronger and drought trend in northeast China and northern China, especially at the end of 20th century and at the beginning of 21 century, is increasing. Furthermore, drought events are frequent in southwest China over recent ten years. In order to minimize losses caused by the increasing meteorological disasters, it is extraordinary essential to strengthen the capability in monitoring and warning of high-impact extremes. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to strengthen engineering defense measures based on changes in extreme events to prevent flash floods and urban waterlogged disasters induced by intense precipitation as well as droughts and heat waves associated with insufficient precipitation.