主要介绍了风云三号A星（FY-3A）有效载荷之一——微波湿度计的结构、运行状态以及数据接收和数据处理的具体形式。利用神经网络算法建立反演模型，并与国外已经业务运行的先进微波探测单元B型（AMSU-B）比较，性能相当。反演北京地区2008年7—12月相对湿度和水汽密度廓线，对比探空数据，分析反演均方差。同时，分析了台风到来时不同通道的亮温显示结果，从而证明：风云三号微波湿度计不仅能全球范围内探测大气水汽等相关信息，同样在台风、热带气旋的检测和判断未来的走势中也发挥了重要作用。

Microwave humidity sounder (MWHS) is one of payloads on the Fengyun-3A (FY-3A) satellite. This paper introduces its structure, operation status and data receiving and processing. The paper constructs an inversion model using artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm, and makes comparison with advanced microwave sounding unit advanced microwave sounding unit-B(AMSU-B). The results demonstrate that the model can be operated successfully. Using the simulated brightness temperatures from MWHS from July to December in 2008 in Beijing, the paper derives water vapor density profiles and gives analysis of root mean square. Meanwhile, the paper focuses on brightness temperature values of different scanning lines when the typhoon comes. The paper demonstrates that FY-3A satellite MWHS can retrieve the water vapor density profiles, cloud liquid water and other related information. Also, in the process of monitoring the tropical typhoon and cyclone and judging the trend of them, FY-3A satellite MWHS also plays a very important role.