本文阐明了生态文明产生的科学基础与工程内涵，像土木工程依靠地基一样，认识生态承载力是生态文明工程建设的核心。提出了地域生态承载力的指标体系，指出新型生态工程是适应生态承载力的工程，以桂林地区的水利工程为例提出了生态工程的“四生”原则。指出新型城镇是叠加在地域自然生态系统上的人工生态系统，新型城镇的大规模工程建设应遵照生态工程原则进行。

This paper illustrates the scientific base of the ecological civilization and the connotation of its engineering,which understanding the ecological carrying capacity is the core of the ecological civilization construction, like civil engineering relying on the base. This paper proposes the index system of the regional ecological carrying capacity pointing that the new ecological engineering is to adapt to the ecological carrying capacity and the four-ecology principle of the ecological engineering using the Guilin region's water conservancy project as an example. This paper also points out that the new town is an artificial ecosystem that superimposes on the regional natural ecosystem,so the large-scale constructions of new towns should follow the principles of the ecological engineering.