能源危机和环境污染是全世界在可持续发展道路中所面临的难题。固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）具有高能量转化效率和低污染排放，被认为是未来能源经济的基石。其中，以质子导体作为电解质的固体氧化物燃料电池（H-SOFC）由于具有高燃料利用率、高理论电动势、高离子迁移数以及低传导活化能，因而备受关注。然而，与氧离子导体固体氧化物燃料电池（O-SOFC）相比，H-SOFC的材料选择和理论体系还处于初级阶段，尤其是H-SOFC的阴极。在H-SOFC中，氢气在阳极被氧化，形成质子，通过电解质迁移到阴极，而后与氧进行电极反应生成水，其阴极的电极过程比O-SOFC更为复杂。寻找高性能的阴极材料和探索H-SOFC中的阴极反应机理，对于H-SOFC的发展具有重要的意义。围绕质子导体阴极材料的发展进行深入调研，着重阐述和总结了不同传导类型的阴极材料的电化学行为及其反应模型，为H-SOFC阴极材料的发展和应用提供了一种思路。

Energy crisis and environmental pollutions are the problems which the whole world is now facing for the sustainable development. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which have been regarded as keystone for the future energy economy, have received considerable attention for their high energy conversion efficiency and low impact to environment as a mean of generating electricity. Proton conducting solid oxide fuel cells (H-SOFCs) have attracted much attention for their unique characters, such as great efficiency in fuel utilization, high electromotive force, high ionic transferring numbers and low activation energies for proton conduction. However, compared with oxygen-ion conducting SOFCs (O-SOFCs), the materials and theories on H-SOFC are just inchoate, especially for cathodes of H-SOFC. In H-SOFC, hydrogen is oxidized at the anode to form protons, which migrate through the electrolyte to the cathode, and undergo a half-cell reaction with oxygen to produce water, which makes the cathode reactions more complex compared with those of O-SOFC. Such distinguished characteristic of cathode reactions calls for intensive consideration on reaction mechanism and might lead to some special demands on the cathode materials. This review is focused on the hisrory of cathode materials for H-SOFC. The electrochemical performances and reaction models of different conduction mechanism cathode materials are summarized, providing some useful means and ways for the development and application of cathode materials for H-SOFC.